如何讀寫多個文件？

Question

我想為此編寫一個程序：在一個文件夾中，我有n個文件； 首先讀取一個文件並執行一些操作，然后將結果存儲在一個單獨的文件中。 然后讀取第二個文件，再次執行操作並將結果保存在新的第二個文件中。 對n個文件執行相同的過程。 程序一一讀取所有文件，並分別存儲每個文件的結果。 請舉例說明我該怎么做。

Answer 1

我認為您想念的是如何檢索該目錄中的所有文件。 為此，請使用 glob 模塊。 這是一個示例，它將所有擴展名為 *.txt 的文件復制到擴展名為 *.out 的文件中

import glob

list_of_files = glob.glob('./*.txt')           # create the list of file
for file_name in list_of_files:
  FI = open(file_name, 'r')
  FO = open(file_name.replace('txt', 'out'), 'w') 
  for line in FI:
    FO.write(line)

  FI.close()
  FO.close()

Answer 2

import sys

# argv is your commandline arguments, argv[0] is your program name, so skip it
for n in sys.argv[1:]:
    print(n) #print out the filename we are currently processing
    input = open(n, "r")
    output = open(n + ".out", "w")
    # do some processing
    input.close()
    output.close()

然后像這樣調用它：

./foo.py bar.txt baz.txt

Answer 3

您可能會發現fileinput模塊很有用。 它正是為這個問題而設計的。

Answer 4

我最近剛剛了解了 os.walk() 命令，它可能對您有所幫助。 它允許您沿着目錄樹結構走下去。

import os
OUTPUT_DIR = 'C:\\RESULTS'
for path, dirs, files in os.walk('.'):
    for file in files:
        read_f = open(os.join(path,file),'r')
        write_f = open(os.path.join(OUTPUT_DIR,file))

        # Do stuff

Answer 5

包含目錄或特定文件名參數列表的組合答案：

import sys
import os.path
import glob

def processFile(filename):
    fileHandle = open(filename, "r")
    for line in fileHandle:
        # do some processing
        pass
    fileHandle.close()

def outputResults(filename):
    output_filemask = "out"
    fileHandle = open("%s.%s" % (filename, output_filemask), "w")
    # do some processing
    fileHandle.write('processed\n')
    fileHandle.close()

def processFiles(args):
    input_filemask = "log"
    directory = args[1]
    if os.path.isdir(directory):
        print "processing a directory"
        list_of_files = glob.glob('%s/*.%s' % (directory, input_filemask))
    else:
        print "processing a list of files"
        list_of_files = sys.argv[1:]

    for file_name in list_of_files:
        print file_name
        processFile(file_name)
        outputResults(file_name)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    if (len(sys.argv) > 1):
        processFiles(sys.argv)
    else:
        print 'usage message'

Answer 6

from pylab import * 
import csv 
import os 
import glob 
import re 
x=[] 
y=[]

f=open("one.txt",'w')

for infile in glob.glob(('*.csv')):
    #   print "" +infile
    csv23=csv2rec(""+infile,'rb',delimiter=',')
    for line in csv23:      
        x.append(line[1])
        #  print len(x)
    for i in range(3000,8000):
        y.append(x[i])
    print ""+infile,"\t",mean(y)
    print >>f,""+infile,"\t\t",mean(y)
    del y[:len(y)]
    del x[:len(x)]

Answer 7

我知道我在某處with open()看到過這個 double 但不記得在哪里。 所以我建立了一個小例子以防萬一有人需要。

""" A module to clean code(js, py, json or whatever) files saved as .txt files to 
be used in HTML code blocks.  """
from os import listdir
from os.path import abspath, dirname, splitext
from re import sub, MULTILINE

def cleanForHTML():
    """ This function will search a directory text files to be edited. """

    ## define some regex for our search and replace. We are looking for <, > and &
    ## To replaced with &ls;, &gt; and &amp;. We might want to replace proper whitespace
    ## chars to as well? (r'\t', '    ') and (f'\n', '<br>')
    search_ = ((r'(<)', '&lt;'), (r'(>)', '&gt;'), (r'(&)', '&amp;'))

    ## Read  and loop our file location. Our location is the same one that our python file is in.
    for loc in listdir(abspath(dirname(__file__))):

        ## Here we split our filename into it's parts ('fileName', '.txt')
        name = splitext(loc)

        if name[1] == '.txt':
            ## we found our .txt file so we can start file operations.
            with open(loc, 'r') as file_1, open(f'{name[0]}(fixed){name[1]}', 'w') as file_2:

                ## read our first file
                retFile = file_1.read()

                ## find and replace some text.
                for find_ in search_:
                    retFile = sub(find_[0], find_[1], retFile, 0, MULTILINE)

                ## finally we can write to our newly created text file.
                file_2.write(retFile)

Answer 8

這東西也適用於讀取多個文件，我的文件名是fedaralist_1.txt和federalist_2.txt ，像這樣，我有 84 個文件，直到fedaralist_84.txt

我正在閱讀文件為 f。

for file in filename:
        with open(f'federalist_{file}.txt','r') as f:
             f.read()