如何將值傳遞給struct變量然后在文件中寫入結構？

Question

如何將值傳遞給struct變量我試圖從用戶那里獲取員工信息，然后將其寫入文件中，但輸入員工姓名后出現了segmentation fault 。 這是我的代碼。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct record_em{
    int id;
    char name[20];
    int salary;
    int age;
};

int main( void )
{
    struct record_em employee;
    FILE *fp;
    int id, salary, age;
    char name[20];
    int n=1;

    fp = fopen("empRecord.dat","a");
    while(n==1){
        printf("\nEnter Employee ID\n");
        scanf("%d",&id);
        employee.id=id;
        printf("\nEnter Employee Name\n");
        scanf("%s",name);
        employee.name=name;
        printf("\nEnter Employee Salary\n");
        scanf("%d",&salary);
        employee.salary=salary;
        printf("\nEnter Employee Age\n");
        scanf("%d",&age);
        employee.age=age;
        fwrite(&employee,sizeof(employee),1,fp);
        printf("Enter 1 to add new record \n");
        scanf("%d",&n);
    }

    fclose(fp);

    return 0;
    }

輸出（來自評論）：

Fatmahs-MacBook-Air:~ fatmah$ gcc -o em em.c
Fatmahs-MacBook-Air:~ fatmah$ ./em
Enter Employee ID
88
Enter Employee Name
uu
Segmentation fault: 11

Answer 1

更改

scanf("%s",name);
employee.name=name;

至

scanf("%s",name);
strcpy(employee.name, name);

更好的是，正如Dukeling＆hmjd所建議的那樣

scanf("%19s", employee.name);

Answer 2

這是一個主要問題：

scanf("%s",name);
employee.name=name;

成員name是一個數組 ，您無法分配給它。 而是使用strcpy 復制到它。

Answer 3

1. 創建一個typedef結構record_t ，使事情更簡短，更容易理解。

    typedef struct { int id; char name[20]; int salary; int age; } record_t; 

2. 創建文件並首先對其進行格式化。

    void file2Creator( FILE *fp ) { int i; // Counter to create the file. record_t data = { 0, "", 0, 0 }; // A blank example to format the file. /* You will create 100 consecutive records*/ for( i = 1; i <= 100; i++ ){ fwrite( &data, sizeof( record_t ), 1, fp ); } fclose( fp ); // You can close the file here or later however you need. } 

3. 編寫函數來填充文件。

    void fillFile( FILE *fp ) { int position; record_t data = { 0, "", 0, 0 }; printf( "Enter the position to fill (1-100) 0 to finish:\\n?" ); scanf( "%d", &position ); while( position != 0 ){ printf( "Enter the id, name, and the two other values (integers):\\n?" ); fscanf( stdin, "%d%s%d%d", &data.id, data.name, data.salary, data.age ); /* You have to seek the pointer. */ fseek( fp, ( position - 1 ) * sizeof( record_t ), SEEK_SET ); fwrite( &data, sizeof( record_t ), 1, fp ); printf( "Enter a new position (1-100) 0 to finish:\\n?" ); scanf( "%d", &position ); } fclose( fPtr ); //You can close the file or not, depends in what you need. } 

您可以將此作為參考比較和檢查兩個文件中的列