如何從列表到文件寫單詞？

Question

“ test.txt”中有兩個sendnecs

句子1 =句子是由一個或多個單詞組成的語法單位。

句子2 =句子也可以單獨用拼字法定義。

count_line = 0
for line in open('C:/Users/Desktop/test.txt'):
    count_line = count_line +1
    fields = line.rstrip('\n').split('\t')
    ##print count_line, fields
    file = open('C:/Users/Desktop/test_words.txt', 'w+')
    count_word = 0
    for words in fields:
        wordsplit = words.split()
        for word in wordsplit:
             count_word = count_word + 1
             print count_word, word
             file.write(str(count_word) + " " + word + '\n')
        file.close()

我在“ test_words.txt”中的結果僅顯示第二句話中的單詞：

1 A 
2 sentence
3 can
4 also
5 be
6 defined
7 in
8 orthographic
9 terms
10 alone.

如何在第二個句子“ test_words.txt”中的第一個句子中寫入單詞並跟在其后？

有什么建議嗎？

Answer 1

在您的代碼中，您多次打開和關閉輸出文件，導致代碼覆蓋您從第一句話開始編寫的內容。 簡單的解決方案是只打開一次，然后關閉一次。

count_line = 0
# Open outside the loop
file = open('C:/Users/Desktop/test_words.txt', 'w+')
for line in open('C:/Users/Desktop/test.txt'):
    count_line = count_line +1
    fields = line.rstrip('\n').split('\t')
    ##print count_line, fields
    count_word = 0
    for words in fields:
        wordsplit = words.split()
        for word in wordsplit:
            count_word = count_word + 1
            print count_word, word
            file.write(str(count_word) + " " + word + '\n')
# Also close outside the loop
file.close()

Answer 2

發生這種情況的原因是，當您第二次打開文件時，沒有保留其中的原始文本。 當您打開文件並用Python對其進行寫入時，除非將其存儲在變量中並重新編寫，否則基本上會覆蓋其內容。

試試這個代碼：

count_line = 0
for n, line in enumerate(open('test.txt')):
    count_line = count_line +1
    fields = line.rstrip('\n').split('\t')
    ##print count_line, fields
    already_text = open('test_words.txt').read() if n > 0 else ''
    file = open('test_words.txt', 'w+')
    count_word = 0
    file.write(already_text)
    for words in fields:
        wordsplit = words.split()
        for word in wordsplit:
             count_word = count_word + 1
             print count_word, word
             file.write(str(count_word) + " " + word + '\n')
        file.close()

這是我運行它時的輸出：

1 A
2 sentence
3 is
4 a
5 grammatical
6 unit
7 consisting
8 of
9 one
10 or
11 more
12 words.
1 A
2 sentence
3 can
4 also
5 be
6 defined
7 in
8 orthographic
9 terms
10 alone.

這是沒有enumerate()的代碼：

count_line = 0
n = 0
for line in open('test.txt'):
    count_line = count_line +1
    fields = line.rstrip('\n').split('\t')
    ##print count_line, fields
    already_text = open('test_words.txt').read() if n > 0 else ''
    file = open('test_words.txt', 'w+')
    count_word = 0
    file.write(already_text)
    for words in fields:
        wordsplit = words.split()
        for word in wordsplit:
             count_word = count_word + 1
             print count_word, word
             file.write(str(count_word) + " " + word + '\n')
        file.close()
    n += 1

Answer 3

如果可能的話，你應該使用with與文件打交道時-這是一個上下文管理器，並確保它們是正確關閉，一旦你與他們進行（這是由離開縮進塊指示）。 在這里，我們使用enumerate並提供了可選的start參數-這是一種（少數幾種）使計數器在移至下一行時保持運行的方式：

# Open the file
with open('test.txt', 'rb') as f:
  # Open the output (in Python 2.7+, this can be done on the same line)
  with open('text_words.txt', 'wb') as o:
    # Set our counter
    counter = 1
    # Iterate through the file
    for line in f:
      # Strip out newlines and split on whitespace
      words = line.strip().split()
      # Start our enumeration, which will return the index (starting at 1) and
      # the word itself
      for index, word in enumerate(words, counter):
        # Write the word to the file
        o.write('{0} {1}\n'.format(index, word))
      # Increment the counter
      counter += len(words)

或者，如果您希望減少行數，則可以使用readlines()將文件讀入列表，列表中的行用換行符分隔。 然后，將行本身在空白處分割，並拔出每個單詞。 這意味着您基本上可以遍歷文件中所有單詞的列表，並且與enumerate結合使用就不需要為您完成計數器的增加：

# Open the file
with open('test.txt', 'rb') as f:
  # Open the output (in Python 2.7+, this can be done on the same line)
  with open('text_words.txt', 'wb') as o:
    # Iterate through the file
    for i, w in enumerate((x for l in f.readlines() for x in l.strip().split()), 1):
      o.write('{0} {1}\n'.format(i, w))

使用Python 2.7：

# Open the file
with open('test.txt', 'rb') as f, open('text_words.txt', 'wb') as o:
  # Iterate through the file
  for i, w in enumerate((x for l in f.readlines() for x in l.strip().split()), 1):
    o.write('{0} {1}\n'.format(i, w))

Answer 4

這可能無關緊要，但我建議您使用更簡潔的方法來編寫。 您不需要3個循環：

lines = open('test.txt').readlines()
file = open('test_words.txt', 'w+')
for line in lines:
  words = line.rstrip('\n').split()

  for i, word in enumerate(words):
    print i, word
    file.write('%d %s\n' % (i+1, word))
file.close()