如何獲取在兩個日期之間有時間的mysql中的記錄？

Question

我正在制作一個考勤系統，它包含一個時間表，該時間表介於兩個日期之間，例如（晚上10:00到凌晨3:00）。 如何從mysql數據庫中具有兩個日期之間的時間范圍的行檢索？

我已經知道如何在MySQL中使用BETWEEN，我的問題是如何在不知道確切時間范圍的情況下查詢mysql？ 因為可能是這樣（可能是晚上11:00到4:00 am）

我正在使用3表：time_tbl：存儲有關員工的時間表（例如，晚上10點至凌晨3點）的信息date_tbl：存儲有關員工的日期表（例如，星期一，星期二等）的信息time_date_tbl：是一個聯結表，其中包含時間和日期的時間表從表time_tbl和date_tbl中取出的雇員。

    time_tbl
    --------------------------------
    |  ID  |  Start    |  End      |
    --------------------------------
    |  1   |  22:00:00 |  03:00:00 |
    |  2   |  23:00:00 |  04:00:00 |
    |  3   |  08:00:00 |  11:00:00 |
    |  4   |  13:00:00 |  17:00:00 |
    --------------------------------

    date_tbl
    ---------------------
    |  ID  |  Days      |
    ---------------------
    |  1   |  Monday    |
    |  2   |  Tuesday   |
    |  3   |  Wednesday |
    ---------------------

    time_date_tbl
    -------------------------------------
    |  emp_id  |  time_id    |  date_id |
    -------------------------------------
    |  1       |  1          |  1       |
    |  1       |  1          |  2       |
    |  2       |  1          |  1       |
    |  3       |  3          |  1       |
    |  4       |  4          |  1       |
    |  4       |  1          |  1       |
    -------------------------------------

我想查詢mysql，以便檢索數據（例如今天是星期一），我想檢索日期等於今天“即星期一”的記錄，並且還包括晚上10:00到凌晨3:00，其中10pm是星期日，星期一的前一天...

    desired result:
    -----------------------------------------------
    |  emp_id  |  time                 |  date    |
    -----------------------------------------------
    |  1       |  22:00:00 - 03:00:00  |  ?       | <-- started @ Sunday 10pm
    |  2       |  22:00:00 - 03:00:00  |  ?       | <-- started @ Sunday 10pm
    |  3       |  08:00:00 - 11:00:00  |  Monday  |
    |  4       |  13:00:00 - 17:00:00  |  Monday  | 
    |  4       |  22:00:00 - 03:00:00  |  ?       | <-- started @ Sunday 10pm
    -----------------------------------------------

mysql中是否有某種“ Date Crosser”函​​數/算法來完成這項工作？

Answer 1

感謝您使用更多信息更新問題。 如果您想按天查詢並返回時間范圍...您的表格會使這變得有些復雜...

SELECT tdt.emp_id,CONCAT(DATE_FORMAT(tt.Start,'%H:%m:%s'),' - ',DATE_FORMAT(tt.End,'%H:%m:%s')),dt.Days
FROM time_date_tbl tdt INNER JOIN date_tbl dt ON (tdt.date_id=dt.`ID`) INNER JOIN time_tbl tt ON (tt.`ID`=tdt.time_id)
WHERE dt.ID=1

現在，我在上面沒有看到的是帶有日期的實際日期字段……換句話說，上面的查詢將列出所有星期一……。 您可能需要在WHERE部分中添加更多內容，以限制更多內容。

現在，如果這是一個較新的項目，您仍然可以重組...如果time_tbl是帶有兩個日期的id和兩個日期-開始日期時間和結束日期時間，那么您實際上將不需要其余表：

SELECT emp_id,CONCAT(DATE_FORMAT(tt.Start,'%H:%m:%s'),' - ',DATE_FORMAT(tt.End,'%H:%m:%s'))
FROM time_tbl tt
WHERE (DATE_FORMAT('%w',tt.Start)=1) OR (DATE_FORMAT('%w',tt.End)=1)

同樣，這將列出所有星期一。 您可以添加到更多限制位置。

Answer 2

嘗試這個：

WHERE scheduleStartDate >= givenStartDate
     AND scheduleEndDate <= givenEndDate

Answer 3

一個例子。

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `datetime`;

CREATE TABLE `datetime` (
  `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `datetime` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

INSERT INTO `datetime` (`id`, `datetime`)
VALUES
    (1,'2013-01-27 08:00:00'),
    (2,'2013-01-27 10:00:00'),
    (3,'2013-01-27 12:00:00'),
    (4,'2013-01-27 13:00:00');

select * from `datetime` where `datetime` >= '2013-01-27 10:00:00' and `datetime` <= '2013-01-27 12:00:00'

-- results
2   2013-01-27 10:00:00
3   2013-01-27 12:00:00

Answer 4

主要問題是沒有搜索時間間隔。

以下代碼創建了要搜索的內部時間間隔。

DROP VIEW IF EXISTS    `time_view` ;
DROP VIEW IF EXISTS    `employee_schedule_view` ;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `employee_schedule`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `day`;   
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `time`;

CREATE TABLE `time` (
  `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `employee_id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `start_time` time DEFAULT NULL,
  `hours` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
  `minutes` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
  `seconds` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

INSERT INTO `time` (`id`, `employee_id`, `start_time`, `hours`, `minutes`, `seconds`)
VALUES
    (1,1,'22:00:00',5,0,0),
    (2,2,'23:00:00',5,0,0),
    (3,3,'08:00:00',3,0,0),
    (4,4,'13:00:00',4,0,0),
    (5,5,'17:00:00',24,0,0),
    (6,6,'23:00:00',26,0,0);

/* create a time view that contains interval information */
create or replace view time_view as 
select 
    id as time_id
,    start_time
-- calculate the time interval
,   SEC_TO_TIME( hours * 3600 +  minutes * 60  + seconds ) `interval`
-- calculate the time if we assume time is contiguous
,    SEC_TO_TIME( ( hour(start_time) + hours ) * 3600 + ( minute(start_time) + minutes) * 60 + second(start_time) + seconds ) contiguous_time
-- modulate to the number of seconds in a day to get the end time suitable for humans to read
,  SEC_TO_TIME((( hour(start_time) + hours ) * 3600 + ( minute(start_time) + minutes) * 60 + second(start_time) + seconds ) % 86400 ) end_time
,  floor( (( hour(start_time) + hours ) * 3600 + ( minute(start_time) + minutes) * 60 + second(start_time) + seconds ) / 86400 ) dayOffset
from `time` ;

CREATE TABLE `day` (
  `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(15) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

INSERT INTO `day` (`id`, `name`)
VALUES
    (0,'Monday'),
    (1,'Tuesday'),
    (2,'Wednesday'),
    (3,'Thursday'),
    (4,'Friday'),
    (5,'Saturday'),
    (6,'Sunday');


CREATE TABLE `employee_schedule` (
  `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `employee_id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `time_id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `day_id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `time_id` (`time_id`),
  KEY `day_id` (`day_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `employee_schedule_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`day_id`) REFERENCES `day` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
  CONSTRAINT `employee_schedule_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`time_id`) REFERENCES `time` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

INSERT INTO `employee_schedule` (`id`, `employee_id`, `time_id`, `day_id`)
VALUES
    (1,1,1,0),
    (2,1,1,1),
    (3,2,1,0),
    (4,3,3,0),
    (5,4,4,0),
    (6,4,1,0),
    (7,5,1,5),
    (8,4,5,6),
    (9,3,6,6),
    (10,6,6,1);

/* create an employee view that has interval information */
create or replace view employee_schedule_view as
select  schedules.id schedules_id
, employee_id
, day_id as start_day_id
, start_days.name as start_day_name
, `start_time`
, `interval`
, `contiguous_time`
, `end_time`
, `end_days`.`id` as end_day_id
, `end_days`.name as end_day_name
-- some starting point - note the date is incorrect - it is merely here to define a starting point of the interval
,  timestamp( concat( date_format( date_add( date( now() ), interval `day_id` day ), '%Y-%m-%d' ) , ' ' , start_time )) `internal_start`
-- some ending point - note the date is incorrect - it is merel here to define an ending point of the interval
,  addtime( timestamp( concat( date_format( date_add( date( now() ), interval `day_id` day ), '%Y-%m-%d' ) , ' ' , `start_time` )) , `interval` ) `internal_finish`
from `employee_schedule` `schedules`
inner join `day` `start_days`
on `schedules`.`day_id` = `start_days`.id
inner join `time_view` `times`
on `schedules`.`time_id` = `times`.`time_id`
inner join `day` `end_days`
-- use mod to allow for instance when the start day is 'after' the end day -- think about sunday
on `end_days`.`id` = ( `start_days`.id + `times`.dayOffset ) % 7

一旦支持間隔，以下sql即可輕松運行...並易於理解。

-- example
-- find who is working at 11:00 on a Wednesday
set @dayID := 2 ;
set @time := '11:00:00' ;
select employee_schedule_view.schedules_id
, employee_schedule_view.employee_id
, employee_schedule_view.start_day_name
, employee_schedule_view.start_time
, employee_schedule_view.interval
, employee_schedule_view.end_time
, employee_schedule_view.end_day_name
from `employee_schedule_view` 
inner join
(
    select concat( date_format( date_add( date(now()), interval @dayID day ), '%Y-%m-%d' ), ' ', @time) internal_check
) internal_check
where 
internal_check.internal_check >= internal_start
and internal_check.internal_check <= internal_finish 
;

-- find who is working at 23:00 on a Monday
set @dayID := 0 ;
set @time := '23:00:00' ;
select employee_schedule_view.schedules_id
, employee_schedule_view.employee_id
, employee_schedule_view.start_day_name
, employee_schedule_view.start_time
, employee_schedule_view.interval
, employee_schedule_view.end_time
, employee_schedule_view.end_day_name
from `employee_schedule_view` 
inner join
(
    select concat( date_format( date_add( date(now()), interval @dayID day ), '%Y-%m-%d' ), ' ', @time) internal_check
) internal_check
where 
internal_check.internal_check >= internal_start
and internal_check.internal_check <= internal_finish 
;

-- example results
1   1   Monday  22:00:00    05:00:00    03:00:00    Tuesday
3   2   Monday  22:00:00    05:00:00    03:00:00    Tuesday
6   4   Monday  22:00:00    05:00:00    03:00:00    Tuesday