Python：如何按多个值对字典列表进行排序？

Question

I want to sort a list at first by a value and then by a second value. Is there an easy way to do this? Here is a small example:

A = [{'name':'john','age':45},
     {'name':'andi','age':23},
     {'name':'john','age':22},
     {'name':'paul','age':35},
     {'name':'john','age':21}]

This command is for sorting this list by 'name' :

sorted(A, key = lambda user: user['name'])

But how I can sort this list by a second value? Like 'age' in this example.

I want a sorting like this (first sort by 'name' and then sort by 'age' ):

andi - 23
john - 21
john - 22
john - 45
paul - 35

Thanks!

Answer 1

>>> A = [{'name':'john','age':45},
     {'name':'andi','age':23},
     {'name':'john','age':22},
     {'name':'paul','age':35},
     {'name':'john','age':21}]
>>> sorted(A, key = lambda user: (user['name'], user['age']))
[{'age': 23, 'name': 'andi'}, {'age': 21, 'name': 'john'}, {'age': 22, 'name': 'john'}, {'age': 45, 'name': 'john'}, {'age': 35, 'name': 'paul'}]

This sorts by a tuple of the two attributes, the following is equivalent and much faster/cleaner:

>>> from operator import itemgetter
>>> sorted(A, key=itemgetter('name', 'age'))
[{'age': 23, 'name': 'andi'}, {'age': 21, 'name': 'john'}, {'age': 22, 'name': 'john'}, {'age': 45, 'name': 'john'}, {'age': 35, 'name': 'paul'}]

From the comments: @Bakuriu

I bet there is not a big difference between the two, but itemgetter avoids a bit of overhead because it extracts the keys and make the tuple during a single opcode( CALL_FUNCTION ), while calling the lambda will have to call the function, load the various constants(which are other bytecodes) finally call the subscript ( BINARY_SUBSCR ), build the tuple and return it... that's a lot more work for the interpreter.

To summarize: itemgetter keeps the execution fully on the C level, so it's as fast as possible.

Answer 2

from operator import itemgetter

sorted(your_list, key=itemgetter('name', 'age'))

Answer 3

Here is the alternative general solution - it sorts elements of dict by keys and values. The advantage of it - no need to specify keys, and it would still work if some keys are missing in some of dictionaries.

def sort_key_func(item):
    """ helper function used to sort list of dicts

    :param item: dict
    :return: sorted list of tuples (k, v)
    """
    pairs = []
    for k, v in item.items():
        pairs.append((k, v))
    return sorted(pairs)