将文件复制到备份目录，保留文件夹结构

Question

I have to copy a file in a directory, to its backup directory, preserving the folder structure. Eg the file aaa in MyFolder/Test/aaa to .MyFolder.bck/Test/aaa

I tried to use

cp --parents MyFolder/Test/aaa .MyFolder.bck;

But the result is .MyFolder.bck/MyFolder/Test/aaa and not .MyFolder.bck/Test/aaa (which is the one I want).

Answer 1

You need to cd to the directory and then copy the file:

(cd MyFolder && cp --parents Test/aaa ../.MyFolder.bck)

The brackets around the command make it run in a subshell, rather than in your current shell. The advantage of this is that it saves you from having to cd back to the original directory afterwards.

Answer 2

Why don't you use two commands?

cd MyFolder && cp --parents /Test/aaa .MyFolder.bck;

And there are several synchronization utilities for Linux too, even for backup purposes, eg rsync, rdiff-backup, synkron... Not to mention the advantages of a local VCS... You should not reinvent the wheel.

Answer 3

I like to use "rsync" for this.

rsync -av MyFolder/ .MyFolder.bck/

Make sure to use the trailing slashes, since they tell rsync that both of these arguments are the "top level" directories (that is, don't create another MyFolder inside of .MyFolder.bck).