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插入，更新，删除之后的PL / SQL触发器，使用序列将数据输入到日志表中

[英]PL/SQL trigger for after insert, update, delete that enters Data into Log Table with a Sequence

 原文  2013-04-25 11:57:14  2   2    sql/ oracle/ plsql/ triggers

问题描述

I am working on a homework problem. 我正在做一个家庭作业问题。 I am running into compilation issues with my trigger and am having trouble understanding how to create a trigger that references a sequence and another table, and insert those values into a log table that I've created. 我遇到了触发器的编译问题，并且无法理解如何创建引用序列和另一个表的触发器，并将这些值插入到我创建的日志表中。 I have read that using SERIAL not null on the Table column entry may eliminates the need for a sequence and referencing table , but I need that for my homework to work. 我已经读过在Table列条目中使用SERIAL not null可能会消除对序列和引用表的需要，但我需要这样才能完成我的作业。

I need some help figuring out how to get my trigger to compile. 我需要一些帮助来弄清楚如何让我的触发器编译。 It is having problems with my Bind Variables :NEW from the sequence, and also the idpay value inserted from another Table. 我的Bind变量有问题：序列中的NEW，以及从另一个表插入的idpay值。 I'm not sure if my declarations are correct and the first two statements after the BEGIN statement are correct as that 1st line was flagged as a compilation error. 我不确定我的声明是否正确，BEGIN语句之后的前两个语句是否正确，因为第1行被标记为编译错误。 I think something is going on with this example and my lack of the NULL value entry there in the IF statement, but unsure where to put that part in my coding. 我认为这个例子正在发生一些事情，我在IF语句中缺少NULL值，但不确定将该部分放在我的编码中。

And of course the Oracle 11g Reference Doc for Triggers, I've gone over it but you can check it out yourself too. 当然还有针对触发器的Oracle 11g参考文档，我已经讨论了它，但你也可以自己检查一下。

Here is the setup question: 1. Use the Donations database. 以下是设置问题：1。使用捐赠数据库。 The organization wants to track all pledge payment activity. 该组织希望跟踪所有质押付款活动。 Each time a pledge payment is added, changed, or removed, the following information should be captured in a separate table: username, current date, action taken (INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE), and the idpay value for the payment record. 每次添加，更改或删除质押付款时，应在单独的表中捕获以下信息：用户名，当前日期，采取的操作（INSERT，UPDATE或DELETE）以及付款记录的idpay值。

Create a table named DD_PAYTRACK to hold this information. 创建一个名为DD_PAYTRACK的表来保存此信息。 Include a primary key column to be populated by a sequence, and create new sequence named DD_PTRACK_SEQ for the primary key column. 包括要由序列填充的主键列，并为主键列创建名为DD_PTRACK_SEQ的新序列。

Create a single trigger for recording the requested information to track pledge payment activity, and test the trigger for all action types for idpay=1470. 创建单个触发器以记录所请求的信息以跟踪承诺支付活动，并测试idpay = 1470的所有操作类型的触发器。 Display the records from the DD_PAYTRACK table by using SELECT statement. 使用SELECT语句显示DD_PAYTRACK表中的记录。 

select * from dd_paytrack;

IDTRACK    PTUSER        PTDATE       PTACTION       PTPAYID                
4          AAX5367E220   10-DEC-12     INSERT        1470                   
5          AAX5367E220   10-DEC-12     UPDATE            1470                   
6          AAX5367E220   10-DEC-12     DELETE        1470

Here is what I've done so far, even after adding these Insert, Update, and Delete statements, it's still returning an Empty table, but because of the answer below I have fixed what was suggested. 这是我到目前为止所做的，即使在添加了这些Insert，Update和Delete语句之后，它仍然返回一个空表，但由于下面的答案，我修复了建议的内容。

* I fixed it, I had to add my own Update, Insert, and Delete statements after compiling the Trigger. * 我修复了它，在编译Trigger后我必须添加自己的Update，Insert和Delete语句。 Works great now. 现在很棒。 Thanks Noel!!! 谢谢Noel !!! * * 

    DROP TABLE dd_paytrack;
    DROP SEQUENCE idtrack_seq;

    CREATE TABLE dd_paytrack(
    idtrack         NUMBER,
    pt_user         VARCHAR2(30),
    pt_date         DATE,
    pt_action       VARCHAR2(30),
    pt_payid        NUMBER(6,0),
    CONSTRAINT pk_dd_paytrack PRIMARY KEY (idtrack)
    );

    CREATE SEQUENCE idtrack_seq;

    CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER pledge_pay_trigger
      AFTER 
        INSERT OR 
        UPDATE OR 
        DELETE 
      ON dd_payment
      FOR EACH ROW  
    DECLARE
      log_action  dd_paytrack.pt_action%TYPE; 
      id_pay      dd_paytrack.pt_payid%TYPE;    
    BEGIN
    id_pay := :NEW.idpay;
    IF INSERTING THEN
    log_action := 'Insert';
    ELSIF UPDATING THEN
    log_action := 'Update';
    ELSIF DELETING THEN
    id_pay := :OLD.idpay;
    log_action := 'Delete';
    ELSE
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('This code is not reachable.');
    END IF;

    INSERT INTO dd_paytrack (idtrack, pt_user, pt_date, pt_action, pt_payid)
      VALUES(idtrack_seq.NEXTVAL, USER, TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'DD-MON-YY'), log_action,      
    id_pay);

    END pledge_pay_trigger;
    /

   INSERT INTO dd_payment(idpay, idpledge, payamt, paydate, paymethod)
    VALUES (1470, 105, 250, SYSDATE, 'CC');
    commit;  

    UPDATE dd_payment
    SET payamt = 25
    WHERE idpay = 1470;
    commit;

    UPDATE dd_payment 
    SET payamt = 2000
    WHERE idpay = 1470;
    COMMIT;

    DELETE 
    FROM dd_payment
    WHERE idpay = 1470;
    COMMIT;


    SET serveroutput ON
    select * from dd_paytrack;

Here is the Donation Table Scheme which it references the dd_paytrack Table for my Homework problem. 这是捐赠表方案，它引用了我的家庭作业问题的dd_paytrack表。 I tested it and this schema seems to work okay after cutting and pasting it. 我测试了它，这个模式在剪切和粘贴之后似乎工作正常。 

-- The DoGood Donor Database 
-- A donor, who represents a person or company that has committed to make a donation to             
the DoGood organzation. 

DROP TABLE dd_donor CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
DROP TABLE dd_project CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
DROP TABLE dd_status CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
DROP TABLE dd_pledge CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
DROP TABLE dd_payment CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
CREATE TABLE DD_Donor (
    idDonor number(4),
    Firstname varchar2(15),
    Lastname varchar2(30),
                  Typecode CHAR(1),
    Street varchar2(40),
    City varchar2(20),
    State char(2),
    Zip varchar2(9),
    Phone varchar2(10),
    Fax varchar2(10),
    Email varchar2(25),
                  News char(1),
    dtentered date DEFAULT SYSDATE,
    CONSTRAINT donor_id_pk PRIMARY KEY(idDonor) );
CREATE TABLE DD_Project (
                   idProj number(6),
                   Projname varchar2(60),
                   Projstartdate DATE,
                   Projenddate DATE,
                   Projfundgoal number(12,2),
                   ProjCoord varchar2(20),
                   CONSTRAINT project_id_pk PRIMARY KEY(idProj),
                   CONSTRAINT project_name_uk  UNIQUE (Projname)  );      
CREATE TABLE DD_Status (
                   idStatus number(2),
                   Statusdesc varchar2(15),
                   CONSTRAINT status_id_pk PRIMARY KEY(idStatus) );     
CREATE TABLE DD_Pledge (
                   idPledge number(5),
                   idDonor number(4),
                   Pledgedate DATE,
                   Pledgeamt number(8,2),
                   idProj number(5),
                   idStatus number(2),
                   Writeoff number(8,2),
                   paymonths number(3),
                   Campaign number(4),
                   Firstpledge char(1),
                   CONSTRAINT pledge_id_pk PRIMARY KEY(idPledge),
                   CONSTRAINT pledge_idDonor_fk FOREIGN KEY (idDonor)
                           REFERENCES dd_donor (idDonor), 
                   CONSTRAINT pledge_idProj_fk FOREIGN KEY (idProj)
                           REFERENCES dd_project (idProj),
                   CONSTRAINT pledge_idStatus_fk FOREIGN KEY (idStatus)
                           REFERENCES dd_status (idStatus));                   
CREATE TABLE DD_Payment (
                   idPay number(6),
                   idPledge number(5),
                   Payamt number(8,2),
                   Paydate DATE,
                   Paymethod char(2),
                   CONSTRAINT payment_id_pk PRIMARY KEY(idPay),
                   CONSTRAINT pay_idpledge_fk FOREIGN KEY (idPledge)
                           REFERENCES dd_pledge (idPledge) );                   
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (301, 'Mary', 'Treanor', 'I','243 main St.', 'Norfolk',     
'VA','23510',NULL,NULL,'mtrea492@mdv.com','Y','01-SEP-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (302, 'Patrick', 'Lee', 'I','11 Hooper St.', 'Norfolk',     
'VA','23510','7572115445',NULL,'pleeNorf@gmail.com','N','09-SEP-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (303, 'Terry', 'Venor', 'I','556 Loop Lane.', 'Chesapeake', 
'VA','23320',NULL,NULL,'tervenr@drw.edu','Y','18-SEP-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (304, 'Sherry', 'Pane', 'I','Center Blvd.', 'Virginia Beach', 
'VA','23455',NULL,NULL,'toppane@yahoo.com','Y','21-SEP-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (305, 'Thomas', 'Sheer', 'I','66 Train St.', 'Chesapeake', 
'VA','23322','7579390022',NULL,'tls3488@sheer.com','Y','01-MAR-2013');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (306, NULL, 'Coastal Developers', 'B','3667 Shore Dr.', 'Virginia Beach', 
'VA','23450','8889220004',NULL,'coastVA@cdev.com','Y','30-SEP-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (307, NULL, 'VA Community Org', 'G','689 Bush Dr.', 'Norfolk', 
'VA','23513','7578337467','7578337468','vacmorg@biz.com','Y','03-OCT-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (308, 'Betty', 'Konklin', 'I','11 Shark Ln.', 'Virginia Beach', 
'VA','23455','7574550087',NULL,'shark11@cox.net','N','04-OCT-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (309, 'Jim', 'Tapp', 'I','200 Pine Tree Blvd.', 'Chesapeake', 
'VA','23320','',NULL,'','N','08-OCT-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_donor  
  VALUES (310, NULL, 'Unique Dezigns', 'B','Connect Circle Unit 12', 'Chesapeake', 
'VA','23320','7574442121',NULL,'UDezigns@cox.net','Y','11-SEP-2012');
INSERT INTO dd_project
  VALUES (500,'Elders Assistance League', '01-SEP-2012','31-OCT-2012',15000,'Shawn 
Hasee');
INSERT INTO dd_project
  VALUES (501,'Community food pantry #21 freezer equipment', '01-OCT-2012','31-DEC-
2012',65000,'Shawn Hasee');
INSERT INTO dd_project
  VALUES (502,'Lang Scholarship Fund', '01-JAN-2013','01-NOV-2013',100000,'Traci 
Brown');
INSERT INTO dd_project
  VALUES (503,'Animal shelter Vet Connect Program', '01-DEC-2012','30-MAR-
2013',25000,'Traci Brown');
INSERT INTO dd_project
  VALUES (504,'Shelter Share Project 2013', '01-FEB-2013','31-JUL-2013',35000,'Traci 
Brown');
INSERT INTO dd_status
  VALUES (10,'Open');
INSERT INTO dd_status
  VALUES (20,'Complete');
INSERT INTO dd_status
  VALUES (30,'Overdue');
INSERT INTO dd_status
  VALUES (40,'Closed');
INSERT INTO dd_status
  VALUES (50,'Hold');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (100,303,'18-SEP-2012',80,500,20,NULL,0,738,'Y');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (101,304,'21-SEP-2012',35,500,20,NULL,0,738,'Y');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (102,310,'01-OCT-2012',500,501,20,NULL,0,749,'Y');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (103,307,'03-OCT-2012',2000,501,20,NULL,0,749,'N');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (104,308,'04-OCT-2012',240,501,10,NULL,12,749,'Y');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (105,309,'08-OCT-2012',120,501,10,NULL,12,749,'Y');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (106,301,'12-OCT-2012',75,500,20,NULL,0,738,'N');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (107,302,'15-OCT-2012',1200,501,10,NULL,24,749,'Y');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (108,308,'20-JAN-2013',480,503,10,NULL,24,790,'N');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (109,301,'01-FEB-2013',360,503,10,NULL,12,790,'N');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (110,303,'01-MAR-2013',300,504,10,NULL,12,756,'N');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (111,306,'01-MAR-2013',1500,504,20,NULL,0,756,'Y');
INSERT INTO dd_pledge
   VALUES (112,309,'16-MAR-2013',240,504,10,NULL,12,756,'N');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1425,100,80,'18-SEP-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1426,101,35,'21-SEP-2012','DC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1427,102,500,'01-OCT-2012','CH');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1428,103,2000,'03-OCT-2012','CH');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1429,106,75,'12-OCT-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1430,104,20,'01-NOV-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1431,105,10,'01-NOV-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1432,107,50,'01-NOV-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1433,104,20,'01-DEC-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1434,105,10,'01-DEC-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
  VALUES (1435,107,50,'01-DEC-2012','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1436,104,20,'01-JAN-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1437,105,10,'01-JAN-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1438,107,50,'01-JAN-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1439,104,20,'01-FEB-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1440,105,10,'01-FEB-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1441,107,50,'01-FEB-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1442,108,20,'01-FEB-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1443,109,30,'01-FEB-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1444,104,20,'01-MAR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1445,105,10,'01-MAR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1446,107,50,'01-MAR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1447,108,20,'01-MAR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1448,109,30,'01-MAR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1449,110,25,'01-MAR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1450,111,1500,'01-MAR-2013','CH');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1451,104,20,'01-APR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1452,105,10,'01-APR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1453,107,50,'01-APR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1454,108,20,'01-APR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1455,109,30,'01-APR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1456,110,25,'01-APR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1457,112,20,'01-APR-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1458,104,20,'01-MAY-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1459,105,10,'01-MAY-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1460,107,50,'01-MAY-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1461,108,20,'01-MAY-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1462,109,30,'01-MAY-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1463,110,25,'01-MAY-2013','CC');
INSERT INTO dd_payment
   VALUES (1464,112,20,'01-MAY-2013','CC');
COMMIT;

2 个解决方案

解决方案1
 2 已采纳  2013-04-25 12:10:54

Since you are using the sequence value in the insert statement, 由于您在insert语句中使用序列值， 

   INSERT INTO dd_paytrack
           (idtrack, pt_user, pt_date,
            pt_action, pt_payid
           )
    VALUES (idtrack_seq.NEXTVAL, USER, TO_CHAR (SYSDATE, 'DD-MON-YY'),
            log_action, id_pay
           );

there is no need to select it as below. 没有必要选择它如下。 

SELECT idtrack_seq.NEXTVAL
 INTO :NEW.idtrack
 FROM DUAL;

Also, you have missed a colon in this line, 此外，你错过了这一行的冒号， 

      id_pay := :OLD.idpay;

EDIT: One more thing, there is no point in having DBMS_OUTPUT statement in the trigger. 编辑：还有一件事，在触发器中使用DBMS_OUTPUT语句没有意义。 Since you wont see it, even if the execution reaches it. 既然你不会看到它，即使执行到达它。

解决方案2
 2  2015-06-20 11:59:30

PL/SQL trigger for after insert, update, delete that enters Data into Log Table with a Sequence 插入，更新，删除之后的PL / SQL触发器，使用序列将数据输入到日志表中 

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER pledge_pay_trigger2
      AFTER 
        INSERT OR 
        UPDATE OR 
        DELETE 
      ON dd_payment
      FOR EACH ROW  
    DECLARE
      log_action  dd_payment2.pt_action%TYPE; 
      id_pay      dd_payment2.idpay%TYPE;    
      id_Pledge   dd_payment2.idPledge%TYPE;    
      Pay_amt     dd_payment2.Payamt%TYPE;    
      Pay_date    dd_payment2.Paydate%TYPE;    
      Pay_method  dd_payment2.Paymethod%TYPE;    

BEGIN
id_pay := :NEW.idpay;
id_Pledge   := :NEW.IDPLEDGE;
Pay_amt     := :NEW.PAYAMT;
Pay_date    := :NEW.PAYDATE;
Pay_method  := :NEW.PAYMETHOD;
IF INSERTING THEN
  log_action := 'Insert';
   INSERT INTO dd_payment2(idpay, idpledge, payamt, paydate, paymethod,pt_action)
    VALUES (id_pay, id_Pledge, Pay_amt, TO_CHAR(Pay_date, 'DD-MON-YY'), Pay_method,log_action);
ELSIF UPDATING THEN
  log_action := 'Update';
  UPDATE DD_PAYMENT2 SET PAYAMT=Pay_amt,PAYDATE=TO_CHAR(Pay_date, 'DD-MON-YY'),pt_action='UPDATE' WHERE idpay=id_pay;
ELSIF DELETING THEN
id_pay := :OLD.idpay;
log_action := 'Delete';
UPDATE DD_PAYMENT2 SET pt_action='DELETE' WHERE idpay=id_pay;        
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('This code is not reachable.');
END IF;
END pledge_pay_trigger2;
/

COMMIT;

//    if log_action ='Insert' then
       INSERT INTO dd_payment2(idpay, idpledge, payamt, paydate, paymethod,pt_action)
        VALUES (id_pay, id_Pledge, Pay_amt, TO_CHAR(Pay_date, 'DD-MON-YY'), Pay_method,log_action);
    else if log_action ='Update' then
      UPDATE DD_PAYMENT2 SET PAYAMT=Pay_amt,PAYDATE=TO_CHAR(Pay_date, 'DD-MON-YY'),pt_action='UPDATE' WHERE idpay=id_pay;
    else
      UPDATE DD_PAYMENT2 SET pt_action='DELETE' WHERE idpay=id_pay;        
    end if


     ALTER TABLE DD_PAYMENT2 ADD pt_action VARCHAR2(30 BYTE);

     COMMIT;


        INSERT INTO dd_payment(idpay, idpledge, payamt, paydate, paymethod)
    VALUES (1470, 105, 250, SYSDATE, 'CC');
    commit;  



         UPDATE dd_payment 
    SET payamt = 2000
    WHERE idpay = 1470;
    COMMIT;

        DELETE 
    FROM dd_payment
    WHERE idpay = 1470;
    COMMIT;

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