如何使用Nokogiri解析此HTML代码？
[英]How do I parse this HTML code with Nokogiri?
问题描述
I have the following HTML: 
我有以下HTML：
<h3><strong>Adresse:</strong></h3>
<p>
Hochschule Darmstadt<br>
TechnologieTransferCentrum<br>
D19, Raum 221, 222<br>
Schöfferstraße 10<br>
<b>64295 Darmstadt</b><p>
<h3>Kommunikationsdaten: </h3>
<p>
But the <p> and <br> tags are not closed. 但是<p>和<br>标记未关闭。
How do I extract the address information: 如何提取地址信息：
Hochschule Darmstadt
TechnologieTransferCentrum
D19, Raum 221, 222
Schöfferstraße 10
64295 Darmstadt
2 个解决方案
解决方案1
0 2013-05-04 05:32:08
Starting from this basis: 从此基础开始：
# encoding: UTF-8
require 'nokogiri'
doc = Nokogiri::HTML(<<EOT)
<h3><strong>Adresse:</strong></h3>
<p>
Hochschule Darmstadt<br>
TechnologieTransferCentrum<br>
D19, Raum 221, 222<br>
Schöfferstraße 10<br>
<b>64295 Darmstadt</b><p>
<h3>Kommunikationsdaten: </h3>
<p>
EOT
puts doc.errors
puts doc.to_html
I get this when I run the code: 我在运行代码时得到了这个：
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd">
<html><body>
<h3><strong>Adresse:</strong></h3>
<p>
Hochschule Darmstadt<br>
TechnologieTransferCentrum<br>
D19, Raum 221, 222<br>
Schöfferstraße 10<br><b>64295 Darmstadt</b></p>
<p>
</p>
<h3>Kommunikationsdaten: </h3>
<p></p>
</body></html>
Notice that Nokogiri has added the <html> and <body> tags. 请注意，Nokogiri已添加<html>和<body>标记。 Also, it has closed the <p> tags, adding </p> . 此外，它还关闭了<p>标签，并添加了</p> 。 We can tell it to parse the HTML as a fragment, and not add the headers using instead: 我们可以告诉它将HTML解析为片段，而不是使用来添加标头：
Nokogiri::HTML::DocumentFragment.parse
Which generates: 会产生：
<h3><strong>Adresse:</strong></h3>
<p>
Hochschule Darmstadt<br>
TechnologieTransferCentrum<br>
D19, Raum 221, 222<br>
Schöfferstraße 10<br><b>64295 Darmstadt</b></p><p>
</p><h3>Kommunikationsdaten: </h3>
<p></p>
There's still fixup on the HTML happening, but it's the basic HTML passed in. Either way, the resulting HTML is technically correct. HTML仍在修复中，但它是传入的基本HTML。无论哪种方式，生成的HTML在技术上都是正确的。
On to finding the text in question: If there is only one <p> tag, or it's the first one: 寻找有关文本：如果只有一个<p>标记，或者它是第一个：
doc.at('p').text
=> "\nHochschule Darmstadt\nTechnologieTransferCentrum\nD19, Raum 221, 222\nSchöfferstraße 1064295 Darmstadt"
Or: 要么：
doc.at('h3').next_sibling.next_sibling.text
=> "\nHochschule Darmstadt\nTechnologieTransferCentrum\nD19, Raum 221, 222\nSchöfferstraße 1064295 Darmstadt"
Two next_sibling methods are needed. 需要两个next_sibling方法。 The first finds the text node immediately following the end of the <h3> node: 第一个在<h3>节点的结尾之后立即找到文本节点：
doc.at('h3').next_sibling
=> #<Nokogiri::XML::Text:0x3fef59dedfb8 "\n ">
解决方案2
0 2013-05-04 23:06:16
Assuming you have parsed the document in doc , this: 假设您已经在doc解析了文档，则：
puts doc.at('//h3[contains(strong, "Adresse:")]/following-sibling::p').text
will give you the following output: 将为您提供以下输出：
Hochschule Darmstadt
TechnologieTransferCentrum
D19, Raum 221, 222
Schöfferstraße 10
64295 Darmstadt
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