用Nokogiri解析HTML字符串
[英]Parse HTML string with Nokogiri
问题描述
I'm trying to write a ruby script that parses an HTML string and gets some values from specific nodes. 
我正在尝试编写一个ruby脚本，该脚本解析HTML字符串并从特定节点获取一些值。
Currently I'm struggling with just reading the string into a Nokogiri document: 目前，我正努力将字符串读入Nokogiri文档中：
This code: 这段代码：
#!/usr/bin/ruby
html_doc = Nokogiri::HTML("<html> <meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <body style='margin:20px'> <p>The following user has registered a device, click on the link below to review the user and make any changes if necessary.</p> <ul style='list-style-type:none; margin:25px 15px;'> <li><b>User name:</b> Test User</li> <li><b>User email:</b> test@abc.com</li> <li><b>Identifier:</b> abc123def132afd1213afas</li> <li><b>Description:</b> Tom's iPad</li> <li><b>Model:</b> iPad 3</li> <li><b>Platform:</b> </li> <li><b>App:</b> Test app name</li> <li><b>UserID:</b> </li> </ul> <p>Review user: https://cirrus.app47.com/users?search=test@abc.com</p> <hr style='height=2px; color:#aaa'/> <p>We hope you enjoy the app store experience!</p> <p style='font-size:18px; color:#999'>Powered by App47</p> <img src='https://cirrus.app47.com/notifications/562506219ac25b1033000904/img' alt=''/></body></html>")
Produces this error: 产生此错误：
$ ruby emailParser.rb
emailParser.rb:3: syntax error, unexpected tIDENTIFIER, expecting ')'
...ML("<html> <meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <bod...
... ^
emailParser.rb:3: syntax error, unexpected tSTRING_BEG, expecting end-of-input
...tent="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <body style='margin:20px'...
... ^
Note that I have tried the solution here with the same result: 请注意，我在这里尝试了具有相同结果的解决方案：
"syntax error, unexpected tIDENTIFIER, expecting $end" “语法错误，意外的tIDENTIFIER，期望$ end”
2 个解决方案
解决方案1
1 2015-10-19 17:39:39
You have to change html string quotes from " to ' and change string quotes inside html to ". 你必须HTML字符串引号从“ 里面的html为“求变字符串引号”改变。 Something like this should work: 这样的事情应该起作用：
#!/usr/bin/ruby
html_doc = Nokogiri::HTML('<html> <meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <body style="margin:20px"> <p>The following user has registered a device, click on the link below to review the user and make any changes if necessary.</p> <ul style="list-style-type:none; margin:25px 15px;"> <li><b>User name:</b> Test User</li> <li><b>User email:</b> test@abc.com</li> <li><b>Identifier:</b> abc123def132afd1213afas</li> <li><b>Description:</b> Tom\'s iPad</li> <li><b>Model:</b> iPad 3</li> <li><b>Platform:</b> </li> <li><b>App:</b> Test app name</li> <li><b>UserID:</b> </li> </ul> <p>Review user: https://cirrus.app47.com/users?search=test@abc.com</p> <hr style="height=2px; color:#aaa"/> <p>We hope you enjoy the app store experience!</p> <p style="font-size:18px; color:#999">Powered by App47</p> <img src="https://cirrus.app47.com/notifications/562506219ac25b1033000904/img" alt=""/></body></html>')
解决方案2
1 已采纳 2015-10-19 17:41:33
The problem is that you have double-quotes within your string which are confusing the parser, because you're also using double-quotes to surround the string. 问题是您的字符串中有双引号，这会使解析器感到困惑，因为您还使用了双引号将字符串引起来。 To illustrate: 为了显示：
puts "foo"bar"
# => SyntaxError: unexpected tIDENTIFIER, expecting end-of-input
# puts "foo"bar"
# ^
You might intend for this to print foo"bar , but when the parser gets to the second " (after foo ) it thinks the string is over, and so the stuff after it causes a syntax error. 您可能打算打印foo"bar ，但是当解析器到达第二个" （在foo之后）时，它认为字符串已结束，因此它后面的内容会导致语法错误。 (Stack Overflow's syntax highlighting even gives you a hint—see how on the first line "foo" is colored differently from bar" ? A good syntax-highlighting text editor will do the same thing.) （Stack Overflow的语法高亮显示甚至给了您提示-查看第一行"foo"的颜色与bar"颜色不同吗？一个出色的语法高亮的文本编辑器将执行相同的操作。）
One solution is to use a single-quote instead: 一种解决方案是改用单引号：
puts 'bar"baz'
# => bar"baz
That fixes the problem in this case, but won't actually help you because your string also has single-quotes inside it! 在这种情况下，可以解决此问题，但实际上不会为您提供帮助，因为您的字符串中也包含单引号！
Another solution is to escape your quotation marks by preceding them with a \\ , like so: 另一种解决方案是通过在\\前面加上引号来转义引号，如下所示：
puts "foo\"bar"
# => foo"bar
...but that gets a little tedious (and sometimes tricky) for long strings like yours. ...但是对于像您这样的长字符串，这会有点乏味（有时会很棘手）。 A better solution is to use a special kind of string called a "heredoc" (for "here document," for what it's worth): 更好的解决方案是使用一种特殊的字符串，称为“ heredoc”（对于“ here document”而言，其价值）：
str = <<-END_OF_HTML
<html> <meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <body style='margin:20px'> <p>The following user has registered a device, click on the link below to review the user and make any changes if necessary.</p> <ul style='list-style-type:none; margin:25px 15px;'> <li><b>User name:</b> Test User</li> <li><b>User email:</b> test@abc.com</li> <li><b>Identifier:</b> abc123def132afd1213afas</li> <li><b>Description:</b> Tom's iPad</li> <li><b>Model:</b> iPad 3</li> <li><b>Platform:</b> </li> <li><b>App:</b> Test app name</li> <li><b>UserID:</b> </li> </ul> <p>Review user: https://cirrus.app47.com/users?search=test@abc.com</p> <hr style='height=2px; color:#aaa'/> <p>We hope you enjoy the app store experience!</p> <p style='font-size:18px; color:#999'>Powered by App47</p> <img src='https://cirrus.app47.com/notifications/562506219ac25b1033000904/img' alt=''/></body></html>
END_OF_HTML
html_doc = Nokogiri::HTML(str)
The delimiter " END_OF_HTML " is arbitrary. 分隔符“ END_OF_HTML ”是任意的。 You could use EOF or XYZZY or whatever suits your fancy instead, although it's a good idea to use something meaningful. 您可以使用EOF或XYZZY或任何适合您的想法，尽管使用有意义的东西是一个好主意。 (You'll notice that Stack Overflow's syntax highlighting has a little trouble with heredocs; most code editors do fine with them, though.) （您会注意到，Stack Overflow的语法突出显示在heredocs上有一些麻烦；不过，大多数代码编辑器对此都很好。）
You can make this a little more compact like this: 您可以像这样使它紧凑一些：
Nokogiri::HTML <<-END_OF_HTML
<html> <meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <body style='margin:20px'> <p>The following user has registered a device, click on the link below to review the user and make any changes if necessary.</p> <ul style='list-style-type:none; margin:25px 15px;'> <li><b>User name:</b> Test User</li> <li><b>User email:</b> test@abc.com</li> <li><b>Identifier:</b> abc123def132afd1213afas</li> <li><b>Description:</b> Tom's iPad</li> <li><b>Model:</b> iPad 3</li> <li><b>Platform:</b> </li> <li><b>App:</b> Test app name</li> <li><b>UserID:</b> </li> </ul> <p>Review user: https://cirrus.app47.com/users?search=test@abc.com</p> <hr style='height=2px; color:#aaa'/> <p>We hope you enjoy the app store experience!</p> <p style='font-size:18px; color:#999'>Powered by App47</p> <img src='https://cirrus.app47.com/notifications/562506219ac25b1033000904/img' alt=''/></body></html>
END_OF_HTML
Or with parentheses (it looks a little odd, but it works, and is sometimes necessary): 或带括号（看起来有些奇怪，但可以，有时是必需的）：
Nokogiri::HTML(<<-END_OF_HTML)
<html> <meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <body style='margin:20px'> <p>The following user has registered a device, click on the link below to review the user and make any changes if necessary.</p> <ul style='list-style-type:none; margin:25px 15px;'> <li><b>User name:</b> Test User</li> <li><b>User email:</b> test@abc.com</li> <li><b>Identifier:</b> abc123def132afd1213afas</li> <li><b>Description:</b> Tom's iPad</li> <li><b>Model:</b> iPad 3</li> <li><b>Platform:</b> </li> <li><b>App:</b> Test app name</li> <li><b>UserID:</b> </li> </ul> <p>Review user: https://cirrus.app47.com/users?search=test@abc.com</p> <hr style='height=2px; color:#aaa'/> <p>We hope you enjoy the app store experience!</p> <p style='font-size:18px; color:#999'>Powered by App47</p> <img src='https://cirrus.app47.com/notifications/562506219ac25b1033000904/img' alt=''/></body></html>
END_OF_HTML
You can read more about heredocs, and other ways to represent strings, in the Literals section of the Ruby documentation. 您可以在Ruby文档的“ 文字”部分中阅读有关heredocs以及其他表示字符串的其他方式的信息。
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