Rails —如何使用子对象和强参数的嵌套属性填充父对象ID？

Question

I've got a situation much like is presented in Railscast 196-197: Nested Model Form . However, I've encountered a conflict between this approach and strong parameters. I can't figure out a good way to populate the parent record id field on the child object, since I don't want that to be assignable through the form (to prevent users from associating child records to parent records they don't own). I have a solution (see code below) but this seems like the kind of thing Rails might have a clever, easy way to do for me.

Here's the code...

There's a parent object (call it Survey) that has_many child objects (call them Questions):

# app/models/survey.rb
class Survey
    belongs_to :user
    has_many :questions
    accepts_nested_attributes_for :questions
end

# app/models/question.rb
class Question
    validates :survey_id, :presence => true
    belongs_to :survey
end

There's a form that allows users to create a survey and the questions on that survey at the same time (for simplicity, the code below treats surveys as though they have only question):

# app/views/surveys/edit.html.erb
<%= form_for @survey do |f| %>
    <%= f.label :name %>
    <%= f.text_field :name %><br />
    <%= f.fields_for :questions do |builder| %>
        <%= builder.label :content, "Question" %>
        <%= builder.text_area :content, :rows => 3 %><br />
    <% end %>
    <%= f.submit "Submit" %>
<% end %>

The problem is the controller. I want to protect the survey_id field on the question record via strong parameters, but in doing so the questions don't pass validation, since the survey_id is a required field.

# app/controllers/surveys_controller.rb
class SurveysController
    def edit
        @survey = Survey.new
        Survey.questions.build
    end

    def create
        @survey = current_user.surveys.build(survey_params)
        if @survey.save
            redirect_to @survey
        else
            render :new
        end
    end

    private

    def survey_params
        params.require(:survey).permit(:name, :questions_attributes => [:content])
    end
end

The only way I can think to solve this problem is to build the questions separately from the survey like this:

def create
    @survey = current_user.surveys.build(survey_params)
    if @survey.save
        if params[:survey][:questions_attributes]
            params[:survey][:questions_attributes].each_value do |q|
                question_params = ActionController::Parameters.new(q)
                @survey.questions.build(question_params.permit(:content))
            end
        end
        redirect_to @survey
    else
        render :new
    end
end

private

def survey_params
    params.require(:survey).permit(:name)
end

(Rails 4 beta 1, Ruby 2)

UPDATE

Perhaps the best way to handle this problem is to factor out a "Form object" as suggested in this Code Climate blog post . I'm leaving the question open, though, as I'm curious to other points of view

Answer 1

So the problem you are running into is that the child objects don't pass validation, right? When the child objects are created at the same time as the parent, the child objects could not possibly know the id of their parent in order to pass validation, it's true.

Here is how you can solve that problem. Change your models as follows:

# app/models/survey.rb
class Survey
    belongs_to :user
    has_many :questions, :inverse_of => :survey
    accepts_nested_attributes_for :questions
end

# app/models/question.rb
class Question
    validates :survey, :presence => true
    belongs_to :survey
end

The differences here are the :inverse_of passed to the has_many association, and that the Question now validates on just :survey instead of :survey_id .

:inverse_of makes it so that when a child object is created or built using the association, it also receives a back-reference to the parent who created it. This seems like something that should happen automagically, but it unfortunately does not unless you specify this option.

Validating on :survey instead of on :survey_id is kind of a compromise. The validation is no longer simply checking for the existence of something non-blank in the survey_id field; it now actually checks the association for the existence of a parent object. In this case it is helpfully known due to :inverse_of , but in other cases it will actually have to load the association from the database using the id in order to validate. This also means that ids not matching anything in the database will not pass validation.

Hope that helps.