Tkinter窗口专注于Mac OS X.

Question

I'm writing an application in Python with the Tkinter GUI framework. It listens for keyboard and mouse events, so it must have focus. When it is launched from a terminal in Ubuntu, the following code works:

from Tkinter import *

root = Tk()
root.focus_force()

def key(event):
    print "pressed", event.char

def callback(event):
    print "clicked at", event.x, event.y 

frame = Frame(root, width=100, height=100)
frame.bind("<Key>", key)
frame.bind("<Button-1>", callback)
frame.pack()
frame.focus_force()

root.mainloop()

However, when launched from a terminal in Mac OS X 10.8.4 (stock Python 2.7.2), focus is retained by the terminal emulator until the user clicks on the window. Does anyone know of a workaround for this?

Answer 1

I tried this and it worked well for me:

from os import system
from platform import system as platform

# set up your Tk Frame and whatnot here...

if platform() == 'Darwin':  # How Mac OS X is identified by Python
    system('''/usr/bin/osascript -e 'tell app "Finder" to set frontmost of process "Python" to true' ''')

Of course, that'll bring your entire application to the front, not just a specific window, but after you do that, you can then use focus_force() on a specific frame or window and that'll get moved to become the frontmost of all your application windows.

For those interested, I didn't write the system() call myself. I found it in this thread on SourceForge .

The fact that I put the system() call within an if block that verifies this is running on OS X makes the solution cross platform - my understanding is that focus_force() works on all other platforms exactly as you want, and just performing it after the system() invocation wouldn't cause any problems in OS X, either.

Answer 2

came here wondering the same question, but I found this wise sounding answer from Kevin Walzer which suggests to use py2app :

Yes, this is standard behavior for OS X. Running an app in Terminal keeps focus in the Terminal unless you switch by clicking windows. The Command-Tab behavior is determined by the windowing system, not by a newly spawned process.

The way around this is to wrap your application up in a standard Mac app bundle using py2app. The average Mac user isn't going to launch a Python-based game from the command line.

Kevin

(from https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/comp.lang.python/ZPO8ZN5dx3M )

Answer 3

Do wait_visibility and event_generate help ?

eg. something like -

from Tkinter import *

root = Tk()

def key(event):
    print "pressed", event.char

def callback(event):
    print "clicked at", event.x, event.y 

frame = Frame(root, width=100, height=100)
frame.bind("<Key>", key)
frame.bind("<Button-1>", callback)
frame.pack()

frame.focus_set()

root.wait_visibility()
root.event_generate('<Button-1>', x=0, y=0)

root.mainloop()