Scala Future用过滤器来理解

Question

In the example below I get the exception java.util.NoSuchElementException: Future.filter predicate is not satisfied

I want to have the result Future( Test2 ) when the check if( i == 2 ) fails. How do I handle filter/if within a for comprehension that deals with composing futures?

Below is a simplified example that works in the Scala REPL.

Code:

import scala.concurrent.Future
import scala.util.{ Try, Success, Failure }
import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global

val f1 = Future( 1 )
val f2 = for {
  i <- f1
  if( i == 2 )
} yield "Test1"
f2.recover{ case _ => "Test2" }
f2.value

Answer 1

This is a more idiomatic solution, in my opinion. This predicate function creates either a Future[Unit] or a failed future containing your exception. For your example, this would result in either a Success("Test1") or a Failure(Exception("Test2")) . This is slightly different from "Test1" and "Test2", but I find this syntax to be more useful.

def predicate(condition: Boolean)(fail: Exception): Future[Unit] = 
    if (condition) Future( () ) else Future.failed(fail)

You use it like this:

val f2 = for {
  i <- f1
  _ <- predicate( i == 2 )(new Exception("Test2"))
  j <- f3  // f3 will only run if the predicate is true
} yield "Test1"

Answer 2

In your for-comprehension , you are filtering by i == 2 . Because the value of f1 is not two, it will not yield a Success but instead a Failure . The predicate of the filter is not satisfied, as your errror message tells you. However, f2.recover returns a new Future . The value of f2 is not manipulated. It still stores the Failure . That is the reason you get the error message when you call f2.value .

The only alternative I can think of would be using an else in your for-comprehension as shown here .

val f2 = for ( i <- f1) yield {
  if (i == 2) "Test1"
  else "Test2"
}
f2.value

This will return Some(Success(Test2)) as your f3.value does.

Answer 3

Of course I figured out one solution myself. Perhaps there are better, more idiomatic, solutions?

import scala.concurrent.Future
import scala.util.{ Try, Success, Failure }
import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global

val f1 = Future( 1 )
val f2 = for {
  i <- f1
  if( i == 2 )
} yield "Test1"
val f3 = f2.recover{ case _ => "Test2"  }
// OR val f3 = f2.fallbackTo( Future( "Test2" ) )
f3.value

Answer 4

I liked @pkinsky 's idea, and made a bit of improvement. I dropped code to create Exception object like this:

val f2 = for {
  i <- f1
  _ <- shouldTrue( i == 2 )
  j <- f3  // f3 will only run if the predicate is true
} yield "Test1"

shouldTrue function is implemented using lihaoyi`s sourcecode library:

def shouldTrue(condition: sourcecode.Text[Boolean])(implicit enclosing: sourcecode.Enclosing, file: sourcecode.File, line: sourcecode.Line): Future[Unit] =
  if (condition.value) Future.successful( () ) else Future.failed(new Exception(s"${condition.source} returns false\n\tat ${file.value}:${line.value}"))

Then it automatically generates more meaningful exception message:

java.lang.Exception: i == 2 returns false
    at \path\to\example.scala:17