如何在QML中使用模型？

Question

I have a GUI written in qml and c++. There are 2 comboboxes (qt control 5.1). Second combobox has to update at runtime whenever the value of the first one is changed.

maincontext->setContextProperty("typemodel", QVariant::fromValue(m_typemodel));

maincontext->setContextProperty("unitmodel", QVariant::fromValue(m_unitmodel));

These are 2 models that I give to qml from c++.

ComboBox {
    id: typebox

    anchors.left: text1.right
    anchors.leftMargin: 5
    signal changed(string newtext)

    width: 70
    height: 23
    anchors.top: parent.top
    anchors.topMargin: 37
    model: typemodel

    onCurrentTextChanged: {

        mainwin.unitGenerator(typebox.currentText);

    }

This is the first combobox. As you see, the c++ model of second combobox is updated every time the value of the first is changed (mainwin.unitGenerator(typebox.currentText)). But it does not seem to update the combobox's model.

How can I update qml's model on runtime?

Answer 1

To even begin to address your issue, we'd need to see what the unitGenerator method does. If you're using a custom model, it's almost certain that you're not correctly implementing the notifications. My bet at the moment would be that you're not signaling the model reset.

Below is a complete code example that shows how you can tie a QStringListModel to an editable ListView and to ComboBox es. The second ComboBox 's model is regenerated based on the selection from the first one. This presumably approximates your desired functionality.

Note the specific handling of roles done by the QStringListModel . The model treats the display and edit roles almost the same: they both are mapped to the string value in the list. Yet when you update a particular role's data, the dataChanged signal carries only the role that you've changed. This can be used to break a binding loop that might be otherwise present in the model editor item (TextInput). When you use a custom model, you may need to implement similar functionality.

The display role is used to bind the combo boxes to the model. The edit role is used to pre-populate the editor objects. The editor's onTextChanged signal handler is updating the display role, and this doesn't cause a binding loop to itself. If the handler was updating the edit role, it would cause a binding loop via the text property.

On Models in QML

There are various kinds of "models" in QML. Internally, QML will wrap almost "anything" in a model. Anything that is internally not a QObject yet can still be a model (say a QVariant ), won't be notifying anyone about anything.

For example, a "model" based on QVariant that wraps an int will not issue notifications, because QVariant is not a QObject that could signal changes.

Similarly, if your "model" is tied to a property value of a class derived from QObject , but you fail to emit the property change notification signal, it also won't work.

Without knowing what your model types are, it's impossible to tell.

main.qml

import QtQuick 2.0
import QtQuick.Controls 1.0

ApplicationWindow {
    width: 300; height: 300
    ListView {
        id: view
        width: parent.width
        anchors.top: parent.top
        anchors.bottom: column.top
        model: model1
        spacing: 2
        delegate: Component {
            Rectangle {
                width: view.width
                implicitHeight: edit.implicitHeight + 10
                color: "transparent"
                border.color: "red"
                border.width: 2
                radius: 5
                TextInput {
                    id: edit
                    anchors.margins: 1.5 * parent.border.width
                    anchors.fill: parent
                    text: edit // "edit" role of the model, to break the binding loop
                    onTextChanged: model.display = text
                }
            }
        }
    }
    Column {
        id: column;
        anchors.bottom: parent.bottom
        Text { text: "Type";  }
        ComboBox {
            id: box1
            model: model1
            textRole: "display"
            onCurrentTextChanged: generator.generate(currentText)
        }
        Text { text: "Unit"; }
        ComboBox {
            id: box2
            model: model2
            textRole: "display"
        }
    }
}

main.cpp

#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QQmlApplicationEngine>
#include <QQuickWindow>
#include <QStringListModel>
#include <QQmlContext>

class Generator : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
    QStringListModel * m_model;
public:
    Generator(QStringListModel * model) : m_model(model) {}
    Q_INVOKABLE void generate(const QVariant & val) {
        QStringList list;
        for (int i = 1; i <= 3; ++i) {
            list << QString("%1:%2").arg(val.toString()).arg(i);
        }
        m_model->setStringList(list);
    }
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QStringListModel model1, model2;
    Generator generator(&model2);
    QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);
    QQmlApplicationEngine engine;

    QStringList list;
    list << "one" << "two" << "three" << "four";
    model1.setStringList(list);

    engine.rootContext()->setContextProperty("model1", &model1);
    engine.rootContext()->setContextProperty("model2", &model2);
    engine.rootContext()->setContextProperty("generator", &generator);

    engine.load(QUrl("qrc:/main.qml"));
    QObject *topLevel = engine.rootObjects().value(0);
    QQuickWindow *window = qobject_cast<QQuickWindow *>(topLevel);
    window->show();
    return app.exec();
}

#include "main.moc"

Answer 2

This is actually more of an answer/comment to the answer of @KubaOber.

I found that it is actually not necessary to do any special tricks using multiple roles if you bind to the correct event:

onAccepted: model.edit = text

works just fine and does not create any update loop (as it is only called on "human"/input modification).