此python装饰器的一种更优雅的方式

Question

Basically I want a decorator with an argument list that contains more than just a function to be able to be called from both the @- and regular forms. I've "designed" a quick workaround, but it's ugly and executes a function in @-form immediately, which is an undesired side-effect (that's due to return body_two() of course).

def status_display_with_comment(comment, closure = None):
    def body_one(function = None):
        def body_two():
            print(comment)
            #an ugly workaround to be able to run both the @- and regular forms
            if function != None:
                print("Entering", function.__name__)
                function()
                print("Exited", function.__name__)
            elif closure != None:
                print("Entering", closure.__name__)
                closure()
                print("Exited", closure.__name__)
        return body_two()
    return body_one

def a_function():
    print('a_function executes')

@status_display_with_comment(comment = 'some comment')
def a_function_with_comment():
   print('a_function_with_comment executes')

a_function_status_display_with_comment = status_display_with_comment(closure = a_function, comment = 'a comment')

a_function_status_display_with_comment()

Thanks in advance.

PS: I have to wrap my head around that whole closure thing. Which is fun considering it could be done recursively like in Scheme (a long time ago for me).

Answer 1

You want a function that returns a decorator:

def status_display_with_comment(comment):
    def decorator(function):
        def wrapper():
            print(comment)
            print("Entering", function.__name__)
            result = function()
            print("Exited", function.__name__)
            return result
        return wrapper

    return decorator


def a_function():
    print('a_function executes')



a_function_SD_WC = status_display_with_comment('a comment')(a_function)
a_function_SD_WC()

Also works:

@status_display_with_comment('a comment')
def a_function():
    print('a_function executes')


a_function()

---

The regular, direct decorator already returns a closure:

def a_normal_decorator(function):
    def wrapper():
        return function()
    return wrapper

wrapper here is a closure since it has to keep function around even after a_normal_decorator finished executing.

---

For reference, this is how an idiomatic decorator is usually written:

import functools

def decorator(function):
    @functools.wraps(function)
    def wrapper(*a, **kw):
        return function(*a, **kw)

    return wrapper

That is, it passes arguments to the wrapped function and doesn't throw away its return value.

functools.wraps copies from the function being wrapped to the wrapper function __name__ , __module__ , __annotations__ and __doc__ , the documentation string.