[英]Byte Array to Hex String
I have data stored in a byte array.我将数据存储在字节数组中。 How can I convert this data into a hex string?
如何将此数据转换为十六进制字符串?
Example of my byte array:我的字节数组示例:
array_alpha = [ 133, 53, 234, 241 ]
Using str.format
:使用
str.format
:
>>> array_alpha = [ 133, 53, 234, 241 ]
>>> print ''.join('{:02x}'.format(x) for x in array_alpha)
8535eaf1
>>> print ''.join(format(x, '02x') for x in array_alpha)
8535eaf1
Note: In the format statements, the
02
means it will pad with up to 2 leading0
s if necessary.注意:在格式语句中,
02
表示在必要时最多填充 2 个前导0
。 This is important since[0x1, 0x1, 0x1] ie (0x010101)
would be formatted to"111"
instead of"010101"
这很重要,因为
[0x1, 0x1, 0x1] ie (0x010101)
将被格式化为"111"
而不是"010101"
or usingbytearray
withbinascii.hexlify
:或将
bytearray
与binascii.hexlify
一起binascii.hexlify
:
>>> import binascii
>>> binascii.hexlify(bytearray(array_alpha))
'8535eaf1'
Here is a benchmark of above methods in Python 3.6.1:这是 Python 3.6.1 中上述方法的基准测试:
from timeit import timeit
import binascii
number = 10000
def using_str_format() -> str:
return "".join("{:02x}".format(x) for x in test_obj)
def using_format() -> str:
return "".join(format(x, "02x") for x in test_obj)
def using_hexlify() -> str:
return binascii.hexlify(bytearray(test_obj)).decode('ascii')
def do_test():
print("Testing with {}-byte {}:".format(len(test_obj), test_obj.__class__.__name__))
if using_str_format() != using_format() != using_hexlify():
raise RuntimeError("Results are not the same")
print("Using str.format -> " + str(timeit(using_str_format, number=number)))
print("Using format -> " + str(timeit(using_format, number=number)))
print("Using binascii.hexlify -> " + str(timeit(using_hexlify, number=number)))
test_obj = bytes([i for i in range(255)])
do_test()
test_obj = bytearray([i for i in range(255)])
do_test()
Result:结果:
Testing with 255-byte bytes:
Using str.format -> 1.459474583090427
Using format -> 1.5809937679100738
Using binascii.hexlify -> 0.014521426401399307
Testing with 255-byte bytearray:
Using str.format -> 1.443447684109402
Using format -> 1.5608712609513171
Using binascii.hexlify -> 0.014114164661833684
Methods using format
do provide additional formatting options, as example separating numbers with spaces " ".join
, commas ", ".join
, upper-case printing "{:02X}".format(x)
/ format(x, "02X")
, etc., but at a cost of great performance impact.使用
format
方法确实提供了额外的格式化选项,例如用空格分隔数字" ".join
, 逗号", ".join
, 大写打印"{:02X}".format(x)
/ format(x, "02X")
等,但代价是对性能的影响很大。
Consider the hex() method of the bytes
type on Python 3.5 and up:考虑 Python 3.5 及更高版本上
bytes
类型的hex() 方法:
>>> array_alpha = [ 133, 53, 234, 241 ]
>>> print(bytes(array_alpha).hex())
8535eaf1
EDIT: it's also much faster than hexlify
(modified @falsetru's benchmarks above)编辑:它也比
hexlify
(上面修改了@falsetru 的基准)
from timeit import timeit
N = 10000
print("bytearray + hexlify ->", timeit(
'binascii.hexlify(data).decode("ascii")',
setup='import binascii; data = bytearray(range(255))',
number=N,
))
print("byte + hex ->", timeit(
'data.hex()',
setup='data = bytes(range(255))',
number=N,
))
Result:结果:
bytearray + hexlify -> 0.011218150997592602
byte + hex -> 0.005952142993919551
hex_string = "".join("%02x" % b for b in array_alpha)
If you have a numpy array, you can do the following:如果您有一个 numpy 数组,则可以执行以下操作:
>>> import numpy as np
>>> a = np.array([133, 53, 234, 241])
>>> a.astype(np.uint8).data.hex()
'8535eaf1'
Or, if you are a fan of functional programming:或者,如果您是函数式编程的粉丝:
>>> a = [133, 53, 234, 241]
>>> "".join(map(lambda b: format(b, "02x"), a))
8535eaf1
>>>
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