迭代器-C ++ 11中没有匹配的擦除功能

Question

I can't exmplain this behaviour:

for (vector<File>::const_iterator it = this->files.begin(); it != this->files.end(); ++it) {
    if (...) erase(it); // break after, no need of ++it in else branch
}

where File is my own class (std not included) and this->files is vector of Files

when I compile the code I get (see line 2 )

Path.cpp: In member function ‘void Path::rmFile(File&)’:
Path.cpp:190:24: error: no matching function for call to ‘std::vector<File>::erase(std::vector<File>::const_iterator&)’
Path.cpp:190:24: note: candidates are:
In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.7/vector:70:0,
             from Path.h:5,
             from Path.cpp:1:
/usr/include/c++/4.7/bits/vector.tcc:135:5: note: std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::iterator     std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::erase(std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::iterator) [with _Tp = File; _Alloc =     std::allocator<File>; std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::iterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<File*,     std::vector<File> >; typename std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::pointer = File*]
/usr/include/c++/4.7/bits/vector.tcc:135:5: note:   no known conversion for argument 1     from ‘std::vector<File>::const_iterator {aka __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const File*,     std::vector<File> >}’ to ‘std::vector<File>::iterator {aka __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<File*,     std::vector<File> >}’
/usr/include/c++/4.7/bits/vector.tcc:147:5: note: std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::iterator     std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::erase(std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::iterator, std::vector<_Tp,     _Alloc>::iterator) [with _Tp = File; _Alloc = std::allocator<File>; std::vector<_Tp,     _Alloc>::iterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<File*, std::vector<File> >; typename     std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::pointer = File*]
/usr/include/c++/4.7/bits/vector.tcc:147:5: note:   candidate expects 2 arguments, 1 provided
make: *** [Path.o] Error 1

even the doc says it's ok, but error no matching function for call to std::vector::erase(std::vector::const_iterator&) is really wierd.

I really need to be able to delete vector item by iterator. Can anybody help me please? Thaks in advance.

Answer 1

You have three bugs here.

for (vector<File>::const_iterator it = this->files.begin(); it != this->files.end(); ++it) {
    if (...) erase(it); // break after, no need of ++it in else branch
}

The first bug is that you incorrectly cut-and-pasted your code into StackOverflow. What you meant to paste was

for (vector<File>::const_iterator it = this->files.begin(); it != this->files.end(); ++it) {
    if (...) this->files.erase(it); // break after, no need of ++it in else branch
}

The second bug is what the compiler is warning you about: there's no way to modify a collection through a const_iterator . (EDIT: Okay, apparently C++11 added such a way, but libstdc++ didn't support it immediately. ) That's what the const_ part means! If you want to modify the collection, use a plain old iterator :

for (vector<File>::iterator it = this->files.begin(); it != this->files.end(); ++it) {
    if (...) this->files.erase(it); // LOOK OUT, THERE'S STILL A BUG
}

The third bug is that once you call std::vector::erase on a collection, all iterators (and const_iterator s) into that collection become unusable . The Standard terminology for this is that erase invalidates iterators . (The reason for this is that std::vector behaves basically like a big heap-allocated buffer, and calling resize on the vector is allowed to do the equivalent of realloc ⁽¹⁾ on the buffer, and calling erase is allowed to call resize (because if you erase half the elements in the vector, you're probably expecting the heap-allocation to shrink accordingly).)

So, what you're trying to do won't work using that naive for-loop approach. What you need to do is use a standard algorithm , namely remove_if :

#include <algorithm>

auto predicate = [](const File& f) { return f.ShouldBeErasedOrWhatever(); }
auto newEndIterator = std::remove_if(this->files.begin(), this->files.end(), predicate);
this->files.erase(newEndIterator, this->files.end());  // erase everything after "newEndIterator"

Replace f.ShouldBeErasedOrWhatever() with whatever your " ... " is in the original code. Now you have valid, idiomatic C++11 that does the right thing — with no bugs!

---

⁽¹⁾ – Note on "the equivalent of realloc ": Of course it's not really realloc ; it's really a type-safe process that calls move-constructors and destructors as needed. vector knows it's not generally safe to memcpy arbitrary objects in C++.

Answer 2

假设您的示例代码不正确，并且实际上是files.erase(it) ，那么const_iterator版本仅在C ++ 11中添加，因为您没有使用auto ，所以看起来好像没有。