如何附加来自多个SPARQL查询的结果并将其写入RDF

Question

I want to append results from multiple SPARQL queries and write them into RDF. I used Jena API. I tried something like this but couldn't succeed. Thanks a lot for any solution.

String query1 = {?s ?p ?o.}
String query2 = {?s1 ?p1 ?o1.}
Query query = QueryFactory.create(query1);              
QueryExecution qexec = QueryExecutionFactory.sparqlService("SPARQLEndpoint", query);
ResultSet results = qexec.execSelect();
ResultSetFormatter.out(System.out, results,query) ;
ResultSetFormatter.asRDF(model, results);

Answer 1

You mentioned in a comment that you can't use union . It's not immediately clear why you can't, but if you just have two simple queries that would be the easiest way to do this. It's not the only way, though, so you're still in luck.

It doesn't make much sense to write a ResultSet to RDF though, since a ResultSet doesn't contain triples; it contains variable bindings. (There is an RDF based representation of result sets, though, and you could combine those if you wanted to.) If you want to write RDF, you'll need your queries to produce RDF, so you probably want to use a construct query, as that will give you a Model back. With a model, you can combine the results of the queries and write them out as a single RDF graph. For instance, you could use code the following.

import com.hp.hpl.jena.query.QueryExecutionFactory;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.Model;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.ModelFactory;

public class AppendSPARQLQueryResults {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // This is the model that we'll store all the results in. We'll
        // add some prefixes just to make the output a little nicer.
        Model results = ModelFactory.createDefaultModel();
        results.setNsPrefix( "dbpedia", "http://dbpedia.org/resource/" );
        results.setNsPrefix( "dbpedia-owl", "http://dbpedia.org/ontology/" );
        results.setNsPrefix( "schema", "http://schema.org/" );

        // Two queries to run
        String[] queries = {
                "construct where { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mount_Monadnock> a ?type } limit 5",
                "construct where { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mount_Monadnock> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/locatedInArea> ?place } limit 5" 
        };

        // Run each query, then show its individual results, and add
        // them to the combined model
        for ( String query : queries ) {
            Model result = QueryExecutionFactory.sparqlService( "http://dbpedia.org/sparql", query ).execConstruct();
            System.out.println( "\n<!-- results of: " +query+" -->" );
            result.write( System.out, "RDF/XML-ABBREV" );
            results.add( result );
        }

        // Show the combined results
        System.out.println( "\n<!-- combined results -->" );
        results.write( System.out, "RDF/XML-ABBREV" );
    }
}

This produces the following output:

<!-- results of: construct where { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mount_Monadnock> a ?type } limit 5 -->
<rdf:RDF
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
    xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
    xmlns:j.1="http://schema.org/"
    xmlns:j.0="http://dbpedia.org/ontology/"
    xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#">
  <owl:Thing rdf:about="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mount_Monadnock">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Mountain"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Place"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://schema.org/Mountain"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://dbpedia.org/ontology/NaturalPlace"/>
  </owl:Thing>
</rdf:RDF>

<!-- results of: construct where { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mount_Monadnock> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/locatedInArea> ?place } limit 5 -->
<rdf:RDF
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
    xmlns:dbpedia-owl="http://dbpedia.org/ontology/"
    xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#">
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mount_Monadnock">
    <dbpedia-owl:locatedInArea rdf:resource="http://dbpedia.org/resource/United_States"/>
    <dbpedia-owl:locatedInArea rdf:resource="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dublin,_New_Hampshire"/>
    <dbpedia-owl:locatedInArea rdf:resource="http://dbpedia.org/resource/New_Hampshire"/>
    <dbpedia-owl:locatedInArea rdf:resource="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cheshire_County,_New_Hampshire"/>
    <dbpedia-owl:locatedInArea rdf:resource="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jaffrey,_New_Hampshire"/>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>

<!-- combined results -->
<rdf:RDF
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
    xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
    xmlns:dbpedia="http://dbpedia.org/resource/"
    xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/"
    xmlns:dbpedia-owl="http://dbpedia.org/ontology/">
  <schema:Mountain rdf:about="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mount_Monadnock">
    <dbpedia-owl:locatedInArea rdf:resource="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dublin,_New_Hampshire"/>
    <dbpedia-owl:locatedInArea rdf:resource="http://dbpedia.org/resource/New_Hampshire"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Mountain"/>
    <dbpedia-owl:locatedInArea rdf:resource="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jaffrey,_New_Hampshire"/>
    <dbpedia-owl:locatedInArea rdf:resource="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cheshire_County,_New_Hampshire"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Place"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://dbpedia.org/ontology/NaturalPlace"/>
    <dbpedia-owl:locatedInArea rdf:resource="http://dbpedia.org/resource/United_States"/>
  </schema:Mountain>
</rdf:RDF>