使用scikit-learn处理分类特征

Question

What am I doing?

I am solving a classification problem using Random Forests. I have a set of strings of a fixed length (10 characters long) that represent DNA sequences. DNA alphabet consists of 4 letters, namely A , C , G , T .

Here's a sample of my raw data:

ATGCTACTGA
ACGTACTGAT
AGCTATTGTA
CGTGACTAGT
TGACTATGAT

Each DNA sequence comes with experimental data describing a real biological response; the molecule was seen to elicit biological response (1), or not (0).

Problem:

The training set consists of both, categorical (nominal) and numerical features. It is of the following structure:

training_set = [
  {'p1':'A', 'p2':'T', 'p3':'G', 'p4':'C', 'p5':'T', 
   'p6':'A', 'p7':'C', 'p8':'T', 'p9':'G', 'p10':'A', 
   'mass':370.2, 'temp':70.0},
  {'p1':'A', 'p2':'C', 'p3':'G', 'p4':'T', 'p5':'A', 
   'p6':'C', 'p7':'T', 'p8':'G', 'p9':'A', 'p10':'T', 
   'mass':400.3, 'temp':67.2},
]

target = [1, 0]

I successfully create the classifier using the DictVectorizer class to encode nominal features, but I'm having problems while performing predictions on my testing data.

Below is the simplified version of my code accomplished so far:

from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from sklearn.feature_extraction import DictVectorizer

training_set = [
  {'p1':'A', 'p2':'T', 'p3':'G', 'p4':'C', 'p5':'T', 
   'p6':'A', 'p7':'C', 'p8':'T', 'p9':'G', 'p10':'A', 
   'mass':370.2, 'temp':70.0},
  {'p1':'A', 'p2':'C', 'p3':'G', 'p4':'T', 'p5':'A', 
   'p6':'C', 'p7':'T', 'p8':'G', 'p9':'A', 'p10':'T', 
   'mass':400.3, 'temp':67.2},
]

target = [1, 0]

vec = DictVectorizer()
train = vec.fit_transform(training_set).toarray()

clf = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=1000)
clf = clf.fit(train, target)


# The following part fails.
test_set =   {
  'p1':'A', 'p2':'T', 'p3':'G', 'p4':'C', 'p5':'T', 
  'p6':'A', 'p7':'C', 'p8':'T', 'p9':'G', 'p10':'A', 
  'mass':370.2, 'temp':70.0}
vec = DictVectorizer()
test = vec.fit_transform(test_set).toarray()
print clf.predict_proba(test)

As a result, I got an error:

ValueError: Number of features of the model must  match the input. 
Model n_features is 20 and  input n_features is 12

Answer 1

You should use the same DictVectorizer object which created the train dataset to transform the test_set :

from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from sklearn.feature_extraction import DictVectorizer

training_set = [
  {'p1':'A', 'p2':'T', 'p3':'G', 'p4':'C', 'p5':'T', 
   'p6':'A', 'p7':'C', 'p8':'T', 'p9':'G', 'p10':'A', 
   'mass':370.2, 'temp':70.0},
  {'p1':'A', 'p2':'C', 'p3':'G', 'p4':'T', 'p5':'A', 
   'p6':'C', 'p7':'T', 'p8':'G', 'p9':'A', 'p10':'T', 
   'mass':400.3, 'temp':67.2},
]

target = [1, 0]

vec = DictVectorizer()
train = vec.fit_transform(training_set).toarray()

clf = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=1000)
clf = clf.fit(train, target)


# The following part fails.
test_set =   {
  'p1':'A', 'p2':'T', 'p3':'G', 'p4':'C', 'p5':'T', 
  'p6':'A', 'p7':'C', 'p8':'T', 'p9':'G', 'p10':'A', 
  'mass':370.2, 'temp':70.0}

test = vec.transform(test_set).toarray()
print clf.predict_proba(test)