Python gpgme非ascii文本处理

Question

I am trying to encrypt-decrypt a text via GPG using pygpgme, while it works for western characters decryption fails on a Russian text. I use GPG suite on Mac to decrypt e-mail. Here's the code I use to produce encrypted e-mail body, note that I tried to encode message in Unicode but it didn't make any difference. I use Python 2.7.

Please help, I must say I am new to Python.

ctx = gpgme.Context()
ctx.armor = True
key = ctx.get_key('0B26AE38098')

payload = 'Просто тест'

#plain = BytesIO(payload.encode('utf-8'))
plain = BytesIO(payload)
cipher = BytesIO()

ctx.encrypt([key], gpgme.ENCRYPT_ALWAYS_TRUST, plain, cipher)

Answer 1

There are multiple problems here. You really should read the Unicode HOWTO , but I'll try to explain.

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payload = 'Просто тест'

Python 2.x source code is, by default, Latin-1. But your source clearly isn't Latin-1, because Latin-1 doesn't even have those characters. What happens if you write Просто тест in one program (like a text editor) as UTF-8, then read it in another program (like Python) as Latin-1? You get ÐÑоÑÑо ÑеÑÑ . So, what you're doing is creating a string full of nonsense. If you're using ISO-8859-5 rather than UTF-8, it'll be different nonsense, but still nonsense

So, first and foremost, you need to find out what encoding you did use in your text editor. It's probably UTF-8, if you're on a Mac, but don't just guess; find out.

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Second, you have to tell Python what encoding you used. You do that by using an encoding declaration . For example, if your text editor uses UTF-8, add this line to the top of your code:

# coding=utf-8

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One you fix that, payload will be a byte string, encoded in whatever encoding your text editor uses. But you can't encode already-encoded byte strings, only Unicode strings.

Python 2.x will let you call encode on them anyway, but it's not very useful—what it will do is first decode the string to Unicode using sys.getdefaultencoding , so it can then encode that. That's unlikely to be what you want.

The right way to fix this is to make payload a Unicode string in the first place, by using a Unicode literal. Like this:

payload = u'Просто тест'

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Now, finally, you can actually encode the payload to UTF-8, which you did perfectly correctly in your first attempt:

plain = BytesIO(payload.encode('utf-8'))

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Finally, you're encrypting UTF-8 plain text with GPG. When you decrypt it on the other side, make sure to decode it as UTF-8 there as well, or again you'll probably see nonsense.