Java中的泛型生产者和消费者

Question

I have this method to retrieve the objects which are instance of a given class:

public class UtilitiesClass {

    public static final Collection<Animal> get(Collection<Animal> animals, Class<? extends Animal> clazz) {
        // returns the Animals which are an instanceof clazz in animals
    }
...
}

To call the method, I can do something like this:

Collection<Animal> dogs = UtilitiesClass.get(animals, Dog.class);

That is good, but I would also like to be able to call the method in these two ways:

Collection<Animal> dogs = UtilitiesClass.get(animals, Dog.class);

or

Collection<Dog> dogsTyped = UtilitiesClass.get(animals, Dog.class);

What I mean is that I want to be able to store result of the method in a Dog Collection or in an Animal one, because Dog.class extends Animal.class

I was thinking in something like this:

public static final <T> Collection<T> get(Class<T extends Animal> clazz) {
    // returns the Animals which are an instanceof clazz
}

But it does not work. Any hint?

Edit: Finally, using @Rohit Jain answer, this is the solution when you call to the UtilitiesClass method:

Collection<? extends Animal> dogsAnimals = UtilitiesClass.get(animals, Dog.class);
Collection<Dog> dogs = UtilitiesClass.get(animals, Dog.class);

Answer 1

Yes, you have to make the method generic. And the bounds should be given while declaring the type parameter:

public static final <T extends Animal> Collection<T> get(
                   Collection<Animal> animals, Class<T> clazz) {
}

But, while adding the animal from animals collection to a new Collection<T> , you would have to cast it back to clazz type. You would need Class#isInstance(Object) method, and also Class#cast(Object) method.

Answer 2

This is possible in Java 8 without using Class<T> , however still may involve typecasting. A version that does not involve typecasting is also possible, but a bit more verbose:

public interface Animal {
    public void makeSound();
}

---

public class Dog implements Animal {
    @Override
    public void makeSound() {
        System.out.println("Waf");
    }
}

---

public class Cat implements Animal {
    @Override
    public void makeSound() {
        System.out.println("Miauw");
    }
}

---

public abstract class Utils {
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static <T_IN, T_OUT> Collection<T_OUT> getBySubType(Collection<T_IN> input, Predicate<T_IN> predicate) {
        return input.stream()
                .filter(predicate)
                .map(element -> (T_OUT)element)
                .collect(Collectors.toList());
    }

    public static <T_IN, T_OUT> Collection<T_OUT> getBySubTypeSafe(Collection<T_IN> input, Predicate<T_IN> predicate, Function<T_IN, T_OUT> function) {
        return input.stream()
                .filter(predicate)
                .map(function)
                .collect(Collectors.toList());
    }
}

---

public class TestProject3 {
    private void init() {
        List<Animal> animals = new ArrayList<>();
        animals.add(new Dog());
        animals.add(new Cat());
        animals.add(new Dog());
        animals.add(new Cat());
        animals.forEach(Animal::makeSound);

        System.out.println();

        Collection<Dog> dogs = Utils.getBySubType(animals, animal -> (animal instanceof Dog));
        dogs.forEach(Animal::makeSound);

        System.out.println();

        Collection<Cat> cats = Utils.getBySubTypeSafe(animals, animal -> (animal instanceof Cat), animal -> (Cat)animal);
        cats.forEach(Animal::makeSound);
    }

    /**
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestProject3().init();
    }
}

Output:

Waf
Miauw
Waf
Miauw

Waf
Waf

Miauw
Miauw

What it does, is, in getBySubType resp getBySubTypeSafe :

• Obtain as input Collection<T_IN> .
• Filter everything based on the instanceof predicate.
• In one version cast it to T_OUT , in our version use a Function<T_IN, T_OUT> to explicitely safely cast it.
• Return the Collection<T_OUT> .

Answer 3

The argument type should be generic wildcard to accept input collections of any subclass of Animal.

public static final <T extends Animal> Collection<T> get(
        Collection<? extends Animal> animals, Class<T> clazz ) {
    Collection<T> filteredAnimals = new ArrayList<T>();
    for ( Animal animal : animals ) {
        if ( clazz.isInstance( animal ) ) {
            filteredAnimals.add( clazz.cast( animal ) );
        }
    }
    return filteredAnimals;
}