Matplotlib：如何单独标记点？

Question

With maptplotlib, I plot some points with the scatter method (see code below). I would like to label each point individually.

This code will label every point with the labels array, but I would like my first point to be labeled with labels[0] , the second with labels[1] and so on.

import numpy as np; import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
y = np.arange(10) # points to plot
labels = np.arange(10) # labels of the points
fig, ax = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=1)
ax.scatter(x=np.arange(10), y=y, label=labels, picker=3)

Is there any way to do that? And BTW, is there any way to iterate through the points in ax ? The method ax.get_children() yields data I don't understand.

Thanks!

Answer 1

Assuming that you aren't plotting many scatter points, you could just do a scatter for every point:

import numpy as np; import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
y = np.arange(10) # points to plot
x=np.arange(10)
labels = np.arange(10) # labels of the points
fig, ax = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=1)
for x_,y_,label in zip(x,y,labels):
    ax.scatter([x_], [y_], label=label, picker=3)

This will start to lag if you are plotting many thousands or tens of thousands of points, but if it is just a few, then it is no problem.

To answer the second part of your question, ax.get_children() returns a list of objects that compose those axes, for instance:

[<matplotlib.axis.XAxis at 0x103acc410>,
 <matplotlib.axis.YAxis at 0x103acddd0>,
 <matplotlib.collections.PathCollection at 0x10308ba10>, #<--- this is a set of scatter points
 <matplotlib.text.Text at 0x103082d50>,
 <matplotlib.patches.Rectangle at 0x103082dd0>,
 <matplotlib.spines.Spine at 0x103acc2d0>,
 <matplotlib.spines.Spine at 0x103ac9f90>,
 <matplotlib.spines.Spine at 0x103acc150>,
 <matplotlib.spines.Spine at 0x103ac9dd0>]

If you are just looking to get the sets of scatter points in your axes, the easiest way is through ax.collections . This is a list that contains all the collections instances plotted in the axes (scatter points belong to PathCollection ).

In [9]: ax.collections
Out[9]: [<matplotlib.collections.PathCollection at 0x10308ba10>]

If you have plotted a separate scatter for each point, iterating over the points is as easy as:

# iterate over points and turn them all red
for point in ax.collections:
    point.set_facecolor("red") 

Answer 2

All of this can be wrapped up an hidden in a function or a class:

# import stuff
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# create dictionary we will close over (twice)
label_dict = dict()
# helper function to do the scatter plot + shove data into label_dict
def lab_scatter(ax, x, y, label_list, *args, **kwargs):
    if 'picker' not in kwargs:
        kwargs['picker'] = 3
    sc = ax.scatter(x, y, *args, **kwargs)
    label_dict[sc] = label_list
    return sc
# call back function which also closes over label_dict, should add more sanity checks
# (that artist is actually in the dict, deal with multiple hits in ind ect)
def cb_fun(event):
    # grab list of labels from the dict, print the right one
    print label_dict[event.artist][event.ind[0]]
# create the figure and axes to use
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)
# loop over 5 synthetic data sets
for j in range(5):
    # use our helper function to do the plotting
    lab_scatter(ax,
                np.ones(10) * j,
                np.random.rand(10),
                # give each point a unique label
                label_list = ['label_{s}_{f}'.format(s=j, f=k) for k in range(10)])
# connect up the call back function
cid = fig.canvas.mpl_connect('pick_event', cb_fun)