如何不使用shell = True进行此Python子进程调用？

Question

For example, in /tmp I have files ending in .txt, .doc, and .jpg that I'd like to delete in one step using shred and subprocess.

The following does the job:

subprocess.call('bash -c "shred -n 5 -uz /tmp/{*.txt,*.pdf,*.doc}"', shell=True)

How would I do this command without using shell=True. I've tried the following:

subprocess.call(['bash', '-c', '"shred -n 10 -uz /tmp/{*.txt,*.pdf,*.doc}"'])
subprocess.call(['bash', '-c', 'shred', '-n 10', '-uz', '/tmp/{*.txt,*.pdf,*.doc}'])

Any suggestions?

Answer 1

I believe that other guy is spot on (haven't tried it myself though). However if you ever find yourself having similar issues again shlex.split(s) might be helpful. It takes the string 's' and splits it "using shell-like syntax".

In [3]: shlex.split(s)
Out[3]: ['bash', '-c', 'shred -n 5 -uz /tmp/{*.txt,*.pdf,*.doc}']

Answer 2

subprocess.call(['bash', '-c', 'shred -n 10 -uz /tmp/{*.txt,*.pdf,*.doc}'])

You can tell how a command is expanded and split up with:

$ printf "Argument: %s\n" bash -c "shred -n 5 -uz /tmp/{*.txt,*.pdf,*.doc}"
Argument: bash
Argument: -c
Argument: shred -n 5 -uz /tmp/{*.txt,*.pdf,*.doc}

In the more general case (but overkill here), if you're ever in doubt of what's executed by something with which parameters, you can use strace:

$ cat script
import subprocess
subprocess.call('bash -c "shred -n 5 -uz /tmp/{*.txt,*.pdf,*.doc}"', shell=True)

$ strace -s 1000 -fe execve python script
...
execve("/bin/bash", ["bash", "-c", "shred -n 5 -uz /tmp/{*.txt,*.pdf,*.doc}"], [/* 49 vars */]) = 0
...
$ 

Answer 3

If the command is coming from a trusted source eg, it is hardcoded then there is nothing wrong in using shell=True :

#!/usr/bin/env python
from subprocess import check_call

check_call("shred -n 10 -uz /tmp/{*.txt,*.pdf,*.doc}",
           shell=True, executable='/bin/bash')

/bin/bash is used to support {} inside the command.

This command doesn't run /bin/sh