如何使用 ElementTree 获取元素的完整 XML 或 HTML 内容？

Question

That is, all text and subtags, without the tag of an element itself?

Having

<p>blah <b>bleh</b> blih</p>

I want

blah <b>bleh</b> blih

element.text returns "blah " and etree.tostring(element) returns:

<p>blah <b>bleh</b> blih</p>

Answer 1

ElementTree works perfectly, you have to assemble the answer yourself. Something like this...

"".join( [ "" if t.text is None else t.text ] + [ xml.tostring(e) for e in t.getchildren() ] )

Thanks to JV amd PEZ for pointing out the errors.

---

Edit.

>>> import xml.etree.ElementTree as xml
>>> s= '<p>blah <b>bleh</b> blih</p>\n'
>>> t=xml.fromstring(s)
>>> "".join( [ t.text ] + [ xml.tostring(e) for e in t.getchildren() ] )
'blah <b>bleh</b> blih'
>>> 

Tail not needed.

Answer 2

This is the solution I ended up using:

def element_to_string(element):
    s = element.text or ""
    for sub_element in element:
        s += etree.tostring(sub_element)
    s += element.tail
    return s

Answer 3

These are good answers, which answer the OP's question, particularly if the question is confined to HTML. But documents are inherently messy, and the depth of element nesting is usually impossible to predict.

To simulate DOM's getTextContent() you would have to use a (very) simple recursive mechanism.

To get just the bare text:

def get_deep_text( element ):
    text = element.text or ''
    for subelement in element:
        text += get_deep_text( subelement )
    text += element.tail or ''
    return text
print( get_deep_text( element_of_interest ))

To get all the details about the boundaries between raw text:

root_el_of_interest.element_count = 0
def get_deep_text_w_boundaries( element, depth = 0 ):
    root_el_of_interest.element_count += 1
    element_no = root_el_of_interest.element_count 
    indent = depth * '  '
    text1 = '%s(el %d - attribs: %s)\n' % ( indent, element_no, element.attrib, )
    text1 += '%s(el %d - text: |%s|)' % ( indent, element_no, element.text or '', )
    print( text1 )
    for subelement in element:
        get_deep_text_w_boundaries( subelement, depth + 1 )
    text2 = '%s(el %d - tail: |%s|)' % ( indent, element_no, element.tail or '', )
    print( text2 )
get_deep_text_w_boundaries( root_el_of_interest )

Example output from single para in LibreOffice Writer doc (.fodt file):

(el 1 - attribs: {'{urn:oasis:names:tc:opendocument:xmlns:text:1.0}style-name': 'Standard'})
(el 1 - text: |Ci-après individuellement la "|)
  (el 2 - attribs: {'{urn:oasis:names:tc:opendocument:xmlns:text:1.0}style-name': 'T5'})
  (el 2 - text: |Partie|)
  (el 2 - tail: |" et ensemble les "|)
  (el 3 - attribs: {'{urn:oasis:names:tc:opendocument:xmlns:text:1.0}style-name': 'T5'})
  (el 3 - text: |Parties|)
  (el 3 - tail: |", |)
(el 1 - tail: |
   |)

One of the points about messiness is that there is no hard and fast rule about when a text style indicates a word boundary and when it doesnt: superscript immediately following a word (with no white space) means a separate word in all use cases I can imagine. OTOH sometimes you might find, for example, a document where the first letter is either bolded for some reason, or perhaps uses a different style for the first letter to represent it as upper case, rather than simply using the normal UC character.

And of course the less primarily "English-centric" this discussion gets the greater the subtleties and complexities!

Answer 4

I doubt ElementTree is the thing to use for this. But assuming you have strong reasons for using it maybe you could try stripping the root tag from the fragment:

 re.sub(r'(^<%s\b.*?>|</%s\b.*?>$)' % (element.tag, element.tag), '', ElementTree.tostring(element))

Answer 5

Most of the answers here are based on the XML parser ElementTree , even PEZ's regex-based answer still partially relies on ElementTree.

All those are good and suitable for most use cases but, just for the sake of completeness, it is worth noting that, ElementTree.tostring(...) will give you an equivalent snippet, but not always identical to the original payload. If, for some very rare reason, that you want to extract the content as-is, you have to use a pure regex-based solution. This example is how I use regex-based solution.

Answer 6

This answer is slightly modified of Pupeno's reply. Here I added encoding type into "tostring". This issue took many hours of mine. I hope this small correction will help others.

def element_to_string(element):
        s = element.text or ""
        for sub_element in element:
            s += ElementTree.tostring(sub_element, encoding='unicode')
        s += element.tail
        return s

Answer 7

不知道是否可以选择外部库，但无论如何 - 假设页面上有一个带有此文本的<p> ，jQuery 解决方案将是：

alert($('p').html()); // returns blah <b>bleh</b> blih