HQL：如何使“不存在”查询？

Question

I have a ManyToMany relationship between "utilisateur" and "projet" and I want to extract all the users not existing in the project entity then this is my query:

Query req=utilisateurDAO.createQuery("select u from utilisateur u where not in(select p from projet p where p.utilisateurs.iduser=u.iduser) ");

and this is "Projet" entity:

        @Entity
        public class Projet implements Serializable {
             @Column(name = "idprojet", nullable = false)
             @Id
             @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)  
             Integer idprojet;
             @ManyToMany(mappedBy="projets", fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
             java.util.List<com.gestion.projet.domain.Utilisateur> utilisateurs;
    }

and this the "Utilisateur" Entity

 @Entity
        public class Utilisateur implements Serializable {
             @Column(name = "iduser", nullable = false)
             @Id
             @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)  
             Integer iduser;

@ManyToMany(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    @JoinTable(schema = "public", name = "join_membre_projet", joinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "iduser", referencedColumnName = "iduser", nullable = false, updatable = false) }, inverseJoinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "idprojet", referencedColumnName = "idprojet", nullable = false, updatable = false) })
    java.util.List<com.gestion.projet.domain.Projet> projets;
}

and i dont know why does not work?

Answer 1

HQL support both sub selects as well as collection exepressions.

All the users not existing in the project entity means all users which have no project assigned, or users with an empty project list:

select u from Utilisateur where u.projets is empty