在Apache Spark（Scala）中使用reduceByKey

Question

I have a list of Tuples of type : (user id, name, count).

For example,

val x = sc.parallelize(List(
    ("a", "b", 1),
    ("a", "b", 1),
    ("c", "b", 1),
    ("a", "d", 1))
)

I'm attempting to reduce this collection to a type where each element name is counted.

So in above val x is converted to :

(a,ArrayBuffer((d,1), (b,2)))
(c,ArrayBuffer((b,1)))

Here is the code I am currently using :

val byKey = x.map({case (id,uri,count) => (id,uri)->count})

val grouped = byKey.groupByKey
val count = grouped.map{case ((id,uri),count) => ((id),(uri,count.sum))}
val grouped2: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[(String, Seq[(String, Int)])] = count.groupByKey

grouped2.foreach(println)

I'm attempting to use reduceByKey as it performs faster than groupByKey.

How can reduceByKey be implemented instead of above code to provide the same mapping ?

Answer 1

Following your code:

val byKey = x.map({case (id,uri,count) => (id,uri)->count})

You could do:

val reducedByKey = byKey.reduceByKey(_ + _)

scala> reducedByKey.collect.foreach(println)
((a,d),1)
((a,b),2)
((c,b),1)

PairRDDFunctions[K,V].reduceByKey takes an associative reduce function that can be applied to the to type V of the RDD[(K,V)]. In other words, you need a function f[V](e1:V, e2:V) : V . In this particular case with sum on Ints: (x:Int, y:Int) => x+y or _ + _ in short underscore notation.

For the record: reduceByKey performs better than groupByKey because it attemps to apply the reduce function locally before the shuffle/reduce phase. groupByKey will force a shuffle of all elements before grouping.

Answer 2

Your origin data structure is: RDD[(String, String, Int)], and reduceByKey can only be used if data structure is RDD[(K, V)].

val kv = x.map(e => e._1 -> e._2 -> e._3) // kv is RDD[((String, String), Int)]
val reduced = kv.reduceByKey(_ + _)       // reduced is RDD[((String, String), Int)]
val kv2 = reduced.map(e => e._1._1 -> (e._1._2 -> e._2)) // kv2 is RDD[(String, (String, Int))]
val grouped = kv2.groupByKey()            // grouped is RDD[(String, Iterable[(String, Int)])]
grouped.foreach(println)

Answer 3

The syntax is below:

reduceByKey(func: Function2[V, V, V]): JavaPairRDD[K, V],

which says for the same key in an RDD it takes the values (which will be definitely of same type) performs the operation provided as part of function and returns the value of same type as of parent RDD.