[英]Type punning: int[] and struct { int … }
I wonder if it is safe, according to the C99 standard, to interpret such a struct: 我想知道根据C99标准来解释这样一个结构是否安全:
struct my_struct_t {
int a;
int b;
int c;
};
as an int[3]
. 作为
int[3]
。 Ie is this code snippet sane for all ABIs? 即所有ABI的代码片段是否合理?
struct my_struct_t f;
int *i = &f.a;
i[0] = 1; // f.a == 1
i[1] = 2; // f.b == 2
i[2] = 3; // f.c == 3
As far as I understand the standard, the compiler is allowed to add padding after members in a struct, but there must not be any padding inside an array. 据我所知,标准,允许编译器在结构中的成员之后添加填充,但是数组内部不得有任何填充。 Am I getting that right?
我做对了吗? (If I am, then the code example would yield undefined behavior.)
(如果是,那么代码示例将产生未定义的行为。)
The only real "answer" to this is a citation: 对此唯一真正的“答案”是引用:
C11, 6.7.2.1: C11,6.7.2.1:
There may be unnamed padding within a structure object, but not at its beginning.
结构对象中可能存在未命名的填充,但不是在其开头。 (paragraph 15)
(第15段)
There may be unnamed padding at the end of a structure or union.结构或联合的末尾可能有未命名的填充。 (paragraph 17)
(第17段)
C11, 6.2.5: C11,6.2.5:
An array type describes a contiguously allocated nonempty set of objects with a particular member object type (paragraph 20)
数组类型描述了具有特定成员对象类型的连续分配的非空对象集(第20段)
Since the subscript operator is exactly equivalent to a pointer arithmetic operation, it cannot take account of padding (external to the type of the target object, anyway) where any may exist, and in a struct, it may. 由于下标运算符完全等效于指针算术运算,因此它不能考虑任何可能存在的填充(无论如何都是目标对象的类型),并且在结构中,它可以。
As int
s are, well, int
-aligned, I think it should work (and it does on my Intel x86-64 with gcc on Linux) on most platforms. 正如
int
s,嗯, int
-aligned,我认为它应该在大多数平台上工作(并且它在我的Intel x86-64上使用gcc在Linux上运行)。
You can check if it works at compile time: 您可以在编译时检查它是否有效:
static_assert(offsetof(struct my_struct_t, c) == 2*sizeof(int));
Iff this assertion doesn't fail, the standard guarantees that you're safe (if I'm not terribly mistaken, but I can't think of anything making it UB). 如果这个断言没有失败,标准保证你是安全的(如果我不是非常错误,但我想不出任何使它成为UB的东西)。
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