Perl - 不能使用字符串（...）作为数组引用

Question

I'm practicing Perl with a challenge from codeeval.com, and I'm getting an unexpected error. The goal is to iterate through a file line-by-line, in which each line has a string and a character separated by a comma, and to find the right-most occurrence of that character in the string. I was getting wrong answers back, so I altered the code to print out just variable values, when I got the following error:

Can't use string ("Hello world") as an ARRAY ref while "strict refs" in use at char_pos.pl line 20, <FILE> line 1.

My code is below. You can see a sample from the file in the header. You can also see the original output code, which was incorrectly only displaying the right-most character in each string.

#CodeEval challenge: https://www.codeeval.com/open_challenges/31/
#Call with $> char_pos.pl numbers
##Hello world, d
##Hola mundo, H
##Keyboard, b
##Connecticut, n

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;

my $path = $ARGV[0];

open FILE, $path or die $!;

my $len;

while(<FILE>)
{
    my @args = split(/,/,$_);
    $len = length($args[0]) - 1;
    print "$len\n";
    for(;$len >= 0; $len--)
    {
        last if $args[0][$len] == $args[1];
    }


    #if($len > -1)
    #{
    # print $len, "\n";   
    #}else
    #{
    # print "not found\n";   
    #}

}

EDIT: Based on the answers below, here's the code that I got to work:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use autodie;


open my $fh,"<",shift;

while(my $line = <$fh>)
{
    chomp $line;
    my @args = split(/,/,$line);
    my $index = rindex($args[0],$args[1]);

    print $index>-1 ? "$index\n" : "Not found\n";
}

close $fh;

Answer 1

Strings in perl are a basic type, not subscriptable arrays. You would use the substr function to get individual characters (which are also just strings) or substrings from them.

Also note that string comparison is done with eq ; == is numeric comparison.

Answer 2

It looks like you need to know a bit about Perl functions. Perl has many functions for strings and scalars and it's not always possible to know them all right off the top of your head.

However, Perl has a great function called rindex that does exactly what you want. You give it a string, a substring (in this case, a single character), and it looks for the first position of that substring from the right side of the string (the index does the same thing from the left hand side.)

Since you're learning Perl, it may be a good idea to get a few books on Modern Perl and standard coding practices. This way, you know newer coding techniques and the standard coding practices.

• Modern Perl - Gives you newer programming help.
• Learning Perl - An old standard.
• Perl Best Practices - The standard coding practices.

Here's a sample program:

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;
use autodie;
use feature qw(say);

open my $fh, "<", shift;

while ( my $line = <$fh> ) {
    chomp $line;
    my ($string, $char) = split /,/, $line, 2;
    if ( length $char != 1 or not defined $string ) {
        say qq(Invalid line "$line".);
        next;
    }
    my $location = rindex $string, $char;
    if ( $location != -1 ) {
        say qq(The right most "$char" is at position $location in "$string".);
    }
    else {
        say qq(The character "$char" wasn't found in line "$line".)";
}
close $fh;

A few suggestions:

• use autodie allows your program to automatically die on bad open . No need to check.
• Three parameter open statement is now considered de rigueur.
• Use scalar variables for file handles. They're easier to pass into subroutines.
• Use lexically scoped variables for loops. Try to avoid using $_ .
• Always do a chomp after a read.

And most importantly, error check ! I check the format of the line to make sure that's there is only a single comma, and that the character I'm searching for is a character. I also check the exit value of rindex to make sure it found the character. If rindex doesn't find the character, it returns a -1 .

Also know that the first character in a line is 0 and not 1 . You may need to adjust for this depending what output you're expecting.

Answer 3

while($i=<DATA>){
($string,$char)=split(",",$i);
push(@str,$string);}
@join=split("",$_), print "$join[-1]\n",foreach(@str);



__DATA__
Hello world, d
Hola mundo, H
Keyboard, b
Connecticut, n