使用Python正则表达式在表达式中可选地匹配？

Question

I have written the following regex to match human-readable time at the command-line:

^(?:(?:(?:(\d+)d\s*)?(\d+)h\s*)?(\d+)m\s*)?(\d+)s$

Using non-capturing strings, this regex matches "human-readable" time equally-well in the following formats:

1d 2h 3m 4s
1h 2m 3s
1m 2s
1s

...and...

1d2h3m4s
1h2m3s
1m2s
1s

In this regex, if I include a minutes value, I also have to include a seconds value. Ie, I can't simply provide 15m or 1d3m , I have to provide 15m0s or 1d0h3m0s .

Is it possible to extend a regex to match these latter two use cases? How? Please note: I'm not necessarily looking for a drop-in solution, but a pointer in the right direction would be greatly appreciated.

Update

Just a brief update that I made awhile back - this is for regex in Python.

Answer 1

You can use this pattern:

\A(?=\S)(?:\d+d)?(?:\h*\d+h)?(?:\h*\d+m)?(?:\h*\d+s)?\z

The approach is to make all element optional. The lookahead at the begining ensures that there is at least a character that is not a space. (in other words, it ensures that there is at least one element)

Answer 2

Rather that maintaining that regular expression and trying to tweak it I would suggest greatly simplifying your regex to this:

/ *(\d+)([dhms])/gm

RegEx Demo

As you can see it matches all your current and proposed strings. You can then post-process both captured groups in your code.

Answer 3

your seconds files is not optional.there is no ? after it.so all fields not containg s will fail.

See demo.

http://regex101.com/r/iX5xR2/28

I have applied question mark.

Answer 4

You can use nested groups:

/^(?:(?:(?:(\d+)d\s*)?(\d+)h\s*)?(\d+)m\s*)?(\d+)s$/g

The value for d , h , m and s are in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively.

Here is a regex demo !