如何获取在PHP中作为参数传递的变量名？

Question

I have a view method that accepts 2 arguments, one of them is the data for that view. I have it set as $data as the methods argument.

I'm using the class as follows:

view->make('testview', $movies);

In this case $movies is an object, but it could be just text.

class View {

    public function make($view, $data) {
        require_once("../app/views/$view" . ".php");
        var_dump($data);
    }

}

The thing is, I don't want to use $data->whatever() in all my views because this has no semantic meaning and makes it difficult to review. I would like my view data to have the same name as the variable that I pass to it. In this case I passed the variable $movies to it, so I want to be able to use $movies->whatever() in my view.

In essence I want the variable that I pass to the method to keep the same variable name and be usable like that within the function.

How do I do this?

Answer 1

You cannot get the name of the variable in the call. What you can do is alike to what template-engines do in this case: do not just assign a variable, but assign it to something.

So you would, for instance

$view = new View();
$view->assign('movies', $movies);
$view->make('testview');

in the assign function you have both the content and the name, so you could make a variable with that name. There's probably a better fix then this, but this can get you started:

function assign($name, $data)
{
    $$name = $data;
    //now you have a $movies in your template
}

This is not a very solid sollution, especially the way you have to require that view. There are many functions you might need to add to get this going, and these are implemented in the more default templating frameworks like eg smarty . Take a look if that is something for you, it sounds like you want to create something like that.

Answer 2

If it's just the name you want to keep track of, you could keep the original $data parameter name but default it to use an array. You would pass the function array('movies'=>$movies) (or array('gerbils'=>$gerbils) if you want) for the $data parameter. That would allow you to keep track of the original variable name without implementing a bunch of extra functions, but you'd have to use $data['movies'] syntax to access it. This has the advantage of being less confusing to future developers who may need to look at your code, too.

Answer 3

Although you can get the function's argument names dynamically, I think it is not possible to get the passing variable names. Alternatively you could just pass one argument of associate array and extract it in the function.

$param = array(
    'view' => 'testview',
    'movies' => $movies
);
view->make($param);

You could then extract the arguments in the make function.

class View {

    public function make($arg) {
        extract($arg);
        // now you get
        // $view
        // $movies
        require_once("../app/views/$view" . ".php");
        var_dump($movies);
    }
}

Nonetheless, I'm not sure why you want to use $movies or something else in the called function since I guess you want it dynamic and automate.

Answer 4

What you could do is to pass an array and extract() it within your make() method. So the contents of the passed array will be available as variables in the current symbol table.

<?php

// Controller or something

$movies = [
    ['name' => 'Fight Club' => 'rating' => 'great'],
    ['name' => 'The Avengers', 'rating' => 'great'],
    ['name' => 'Iron Man 2',   'rating' => 'sucks'],
];

view->make('testview', compact('movies'));

// View Class

class View {

    public function make($view, $data) {
        extract($data);

        //Usage in Viewfile: $movies[0]['name']
        require_once("../app/views/$view" . ".php");
    }

}

Of course the contents of the passed array do not matter, so you can easily pass around objects, or other things.

Answer 5

Just as an alternative: if you're using objects for all your data types, and you want to deal with just a single parameter in your method call, you could assign the name of the variable based on the type of object received.

class View {

    public function make($object) {

        //if it's an object - use the type of object to define the variable
        if(is_object($object)) {

            switch(get_class($object)) {

                case 'Movie':
                    $movie = $object;
                    break;

                case 'CD'
                    $cd = $object;
                    break;

                // ... and so on

                default:
                    $data = $object;
                    break;
            }
        }

        //otherwise go with a default of $data
        else {
            $data = $object;
        }
    }

}

I'd personally feel the need to validate the variable with isset() in every view file though, just in case the wrong type of object was passed in - and I fear it would end up with far more validation required in all the view files than necessary.

---

To go one step further

Alternatively your classes could all extend a common (abstract) class which can hold the type - set that type in the constructor of all your sub-classes and determine the variable name based upon that (set the parent's protected $type; with $this->type = 'movie'; inside the Movie constructor for instance).

This would give you something like this (note: ${$object->getType()} = $object; ) which works but I'm not sure about the sanity of it:

class View {

    public function make($object) {

        //if it's an object - use the type of object to define the variable
        //  so for the `Movie` object where the type is 'movie' this will
        //  create a variable called $movie containing the Movie object
        if(is_object($object) && method_exists($object, 'getType')) {

            ${$object->getType()} = $object;
            require_once "/path/to/{$object->getType()}.php";
        }
    }
}

/**
 * base abstract 'thing'
 */
abstract class Thing {

    protected $type;

    public function getType() {
        return $this->type;
    }

}

/**
 * a Movie 'thing'
 */
class Movie extends Thing {

    public function __construct() {
        $this->type = 'movie';
    }

}

//processing stuff
$oView = new View();
$oView->make( new Movie() );