使用希尔伯特曲线分析图像

Question

I would like to visit each pixel of an image using the "path" of the Hilbert-curve. I've found a recursive implementation of the Hilbert-cuve here , but I don't know how to apply this on an image. Is it important to have a picture which width and height are equal?

Answer 1

No, but make sure the curve is adaptive or is bigger than the image. Adaptive curve is very complicated.

Answer 2

Here is an algorithm that generates a Hilbert-like curve for a non-square array.

The idea is to recursively apply a Hilbert-like template but avoid odd sizes when halving the domain dimensions. If the dimensions happen to be powers of two, the classic Hilbert curve is generated.

def gilbert2d(x, y, ax, ay, bx, by):
    """
    Generalized Hilbert ('gilbert') space-filling curve for arbitrary-sized
    2D rectangular grids.
    """

    w = abs(ax + ay)
    h = abs(bx + by)

    (dax, day) = (sgn(ax), sgn(ay)) # unit major direction
    (dbx, dby) = (sgn(bx), sgn(by)) # unit orthogonal direction

    if h == 1:
        # trivial row fill
        for i in range(0, w):
            print x, y
            (x, y) = (x + dax, y + day)
        return

    if w == 1:
        # trivial column fill
        for i in range(0, h):
            print x, y
            (x, y) = (x + dbx, y + dby)
        return

    (ax2, ay2) = (ax/2, ay/2)
    (bx2, by2) = (bx/2, by/2)

    w2 = abs(ax2 + ay2)
    h2 = abs(bx2 + by2)

    if 2*w > 3*h:
        if (w2 % 2) and (w > 2):
            # prefer even steps
            (ax2, ay2) = (ax2 + dax, ay2 + day)

        # long case: split in two parts only
        gilbert2d(x, y, ax2, ay2, bx, by)
        gilbert2d(x+ax2, y+ay2, ax-ax2, ay-ay2, bx, by)

    else:
        if (h2 % 2) and (h > 2):
            # prefer even steps
            (bx2, by2) = (bx2 + dbx, by2 + dby)

        # standard case: one step up, one long horizontal, one step down
        gilbert2d(x, y, bx2, by2, ax2, ay2)
        gilbert2d(x+bx2, y+by2, ax, ay, bx-bx2, by-by2)
        gilbert2d(x+(ax-dax)+(bx2-dbx), y+(ay-day)+(by2-dby),
                 -bx2, -by2, -(ax-ax2), -(ay-ay2))

More information, examples, etc., available here: https://github.com/jakubcerveny/gilbert