[英]Numpy.dot() dimensions not aligned
I'm having trouble giving the right input to the scipy.signal.dlsim
method. 我无法向
scipy.signal.dlsim
方法提供正确的输入。
The method requires the 4 state space matrices: 该方法需要4个状态空间矩阵:
A = np.array([
[0.9056, -0.1908, 0.0348, 0.0880],
[0.0973, 0.8728, 0.4091, -0.0027],
[0.0068, -0.1694, 0.9729, -0.6131],
[-0.0264, 0.0014, 0.1094, 0.6551]
])
B = np.array([
[0, -0.0003, -0.0330, -0.0042, -0.0037],
[0, -0.0005, 0.0513, -0.0869, -0.1812],
[0, 0.0003, -0.0732, 1.1768, -1.1799],
[0, -0.0002, -0.0008, 0.2821, -0.4797]
])
C = np.array([-0.01394, -0.0941, 0.0564, 0.0435])
D = np.array([0, 0.0004, -0.0055, 0.3326, 0.5383])
and an input vector which I build in the following way: 和我用以下方式构建的输入向量:
inputs = np.array([
data['input1'].values(),
data['input2'].values(),
data['input3'].values(),
data['input4'].values(),
data['input5'].values()
])
This creates an inputs matrix with (5x752)
dimensions (I have 752 data points). 这将创建一个具有
(5x752)
维度的输入矩阵(我有752个数据点)。 So I take the transpose of the inputs matrix to preprocess my data: 所以我采用输入矩阵的转置来预处理我的数据:
inputs = np.transpose(inputs)
The inputs matrix now has the (752x5)
dimensions I presume are necessary for the simulation algorithm of scipy. 输入矩阵现在具有我认为是scipy仿真算法所必需的
(752x5)
维度。
When I execute the method, I get the following error: 当我执行该方法时,我收到以下错误:
110 # Simulate the system
111 for i in range(0, out_samples - 1):
--> 112 xout[i+1,:] = np.dot(a, xout[i,:]) + np.dot(b, u_dt[i,:])
113 yout[i,:] = np.dot(c, xout[i,:]) + np.dot(d, u_dt[i,:])
114
ValueError: shapes (4,5) and (1,5) not aligned: 5 (dim 1) != 1 (dim 0)
I understand scipy is unable to make this multiplication but I do not know in which format I should give my inputs array to the method. 我知道scipy无法进行这种乘法,但我不知道我应该以哪种格式将输入数组提供给方法。 If I would not transpose the matrix the dimensions would be even worse (1x752).
如果我不转置矩阵,那么尺寸会更差(1x752)。
Am I missing something here? 我在这里错过了什么吗?
The numpy.dot()
method works separately for a matrix and an array. numpy.dot()
方法分别用于矩阵和数组。 I converted the array somewhere to a matrix to be able to easily read the dimensions which caused this error. 我将数组转换为矩阵,以便能够轻松读取导致此错误的维度。 If the vector is interpreted as a matrix, it is seen by Numpy as a row vector.
如果向量被解释为矩阵,则Numpy将其视为行向量。 This gives the dimensions error:
(4x5) x (1x5)
. 这给出了尺寸误差:
(4x5) x (1x5)
。
When numpy sees the vector as an array, numpy.dot()
automatically does the right multiplication because the vector is seen as a column vector and the np.dot()
can be calculated correctly: (4x5) x (5x1)
当numpy将向量视为数组时,
numpy.dot()
自动进行正确的乘法,因为向量被视为列向量,并且np.dot()
可以正确计算: (4x5) x (5x1)
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