使用泛型的乐趣：没有隐式引用转换错误

Question

I tested this code and got that it doesn't compiles.

interface IE<T>
{

}

class A<T> : IE<T>
{
    public static void F<TU>() where TU : IE<T>
    {

    }

    static void Foo()
    {
        F<A<int>>();
    }
}

It fails even if I add public static void F<TU>() where TU : A<int>, IE<T> .

afaik it's valid according to C# specs. If I remove contraint where TU : IE<T> but in this case it couldn't affect, because A<int> is subtype of IE<T> .

And it's also funny because resharper suggest to add IE<T> interface to A

why this code isn't valid?

Answer 1

No, it's not valid. The constraint of

where TU : IE<T>

refers to the current T , ie the one for the type on which you're calling this method.

Consider a call of:

A<string>.Foo();

That's trying to pass A<int> as a type argument for TU , but the constraint means that there must be a reference conversion from TU to IE<string> , because T is string .

There's no conversion from A<int> to IE<string> , hence it's broken. Basically your expectation of " A<int> is subtype of IE<T> " isn't true for all T .

Now you could change it to:

public static void F<TU, TT>() where TU : IE<TT>
{
}

static void Foo()
{
    F<A<int>, int>();
}

That's now valid, because it doesn't involve T at all.