调用未知的构造函数（用于反射的替换）c ++

Question

I'm porting a networking api I made in java/as3 to c++. I'm quite new to c++ so I'm not that familiar with all the tools that are available.

I have a class called Packet. In my java/as3 class that packet has 2 hashmaps, one for classToId and one for idToClass.

Then I register a derived packet with an id and its class object.

When a packet is received I get its packet ID and then create a new packet with that ID.

In as3 code I then use:

    public static function getNewPacket(id:int):Packet
    {
        try
        {
            var clazz:Class = getClassById[id];
            return (clazz == null ? null : Packet(new clazz()));
        }
        catch (e:Error)
        {
            trace("Skipping packet with id " + id + ": " + e.message);
        }
        return null;
    }

As you can see, reflection is used to call the constructor. In c++ however, I have no idea how I could create this. I can't use a static list of packets because this is a API class.(So this class will be extended in an application using this API)

Answer 1

The typical solution is to have a factory function, which connects the ID to the actual class. Say we have a set of classes to deal with shapes:

class Shape { ... };
class Square : public Shape { ... } ;
class Triangle  : public Shape { ... };

enum ShapeID { SquareID, TriangleID, ... }

Shape *shapeFactory(ShapeID id)
{
   switch(id) 
   {
      case SquareID:   return new Square;
      case TriangleID: return new Triangle;
       ...
   };
   return NULL;
}

An alternative, if you don't really know what class you want "until later" is to provide a function that creates the correct ID.

So if you want to be able to EXTEND your shape system with user-defined shapes, you could do something like this:

typedef Shape* (*shapeCreatorFunc)();
... 

Shape* createStar()
{
   return new Star;
}

...
typedef std::map<ID, ShapeCreatorFunc> ShapeMap;
ShapeMap map;
...
map[SquareID] = createSquare;
map[TriangleID] = createTriangle;
map[StarID] = createStar;
....
ShapeMap::iterator it = map.find(id);
if (it != map.end())
{
   Shape *s = it.second();
}

This still relies on the Shape being a common base-class. If that isn't true, I'm not sure how easy it is to solve this in a way that is easy to understand/explain, etc.