[英]How to design a library wrapper in C++?
I would like to design a wrapper in C++ with a simple syntax: 我想用简单的语法在C ++中设计一个包装器:
Vector<double,stl> v; // aka std::vector<double>
Vector<double, eigen> w; // aka Eigen::VectorXd from Eigen library
Matrix<double, eigen> m; // aka Eigen::MatrixXd from Eigen library
However, I do not manage to get this syntax, especially for the two last examples. 但是,我无法获得这种语法,特别是对于最后两个示例。 Here is my code for the case of wrapping of STL vectors:
这是我包装STL向量的代码:
#ifndef WRAPPER_HPP
#define WRAPPER_HPP
#include <cstdlib>
#include <vector>
//=============
// BASE WRAPPER
//=============
template<class ScalarType, template<class,class...> class WrappedType>
class Wrapper
{
protected:
WrappedType<ScalarType> wrapped_;
};
//==============
// STL WRAPPER
//==============
template<class ScalarType, template<class,class...> class WrappedType>
struct stl;
template<class ScalarType>
struct stl<ScalarType,std::vector> : public Wrapper<ScalarType,std::vector>
{
public:
size_t size()
{ return this->wrapped_.size(); }
};
//=======
// VECTOR
//=======
template<class ScalarType, template<class, template<class,class...> class> class Wrapper>
using Vector = Wrapper<ScalarType,std::vector>;
// **** Problem : I should not provide "std::vector" above ****
#endif
STL wrapper is a structure called stl. STL包装器是一种称为stl的结构。 This structure is actually a subclass of Wrapper class.
该结构实际上是Wrapper类的子类。 I have specialized stl structure for STL's vectors.
我对STL的向量有专门的stl结构。 I may do some other specalizations for some containers (lists, maps, ...).
我可能还会对某些容器(列表,地图等)进行其他规范化处理。 Thus, when declaring
因此,当声明
Vector<double,stl> vec
I would like to be able to deduce from the pair (Vector, stl) that it corresponds to the specialization of stl for std::vector. 我希望能够从对(Vector,stl)中推断出,它对应于std :: vector的stl专业化。 However, I do not manage to do it.
但是,我无法做到这一点。 Each time I try something, I get an infinite recursion over template parameters.
每次尝试执行某些操作时,我都会获得模板参数的无限递归。
There may be a good way to do this with some typedef or template alias but I cannot find it. 可以使用一些typedef或模板别名来执行此操作,但是我找不到它。 It may be something like that:
可能是这样的:
template<class ScalarType, template<class, template<class,class...> class> class Wrapper>
using Vector = Wrapper<ScalarType,????>;
where ???? 在哪里? would be something equivalent to std::vector, but deduced from Wrapper.
等同于std :: vector,但从包装器中推导出来。 But I do not know if it is possible.
但我不知道是否可能。
My design may also be naive. 我的设计也可能很幼稚。 I would really appreciate any suggestion to improve it.
如果有任何改进建议,我将不胜感激。 I am only interested in the syntax of the code.
我只对代码的语法感兴趣。
Thanks! 谢谢!
This is fairly easy to do using C++11 syntax, or higher. 使用C ++ 11或更高版本的语法非常容易做到。
Here's an example of implementing a Vector
wrapper, that will result in the syntax that you're looking for. 这是实现
Vector
包装器的示例,这将导致您要查找的语法。 Use a similar approach to implement Matrix
, etc. 使用类似的方法来实现
Matrix
等。
The approach combines template specialization, with template using
, selecting the correct specialization that declares a member type that's the actual type being declared: 该方法将模板专业化与
template using
结合起来,选择正确的专业化来声明成员类型,该成员类型是要声明的实际类型:
#include <vector>
class stl; // dummy class
class eigen; // dummy class
template<typename ...Args> class vector_impl;
template<>
class vector_impl<double, stl> {
public:
typedef std::vector<double> impl_type;
};
template<>
class vector_impl<double, eigen> {
public:
typedef Eigen::VectorXd impl_type; // I presume...
};
// And the magical alias:
template<typename ...Args>
using Vector=typename vector_impl<Args...>::impl_type;
With the above being defined: 上面定义的是:
Vector<double, stl> a; // This declares a std::vector<double>
Vector<double, eigen> b; // This declares an `Eigen::VectorXd`
Using variadic templates allows for some further work, namely a few additional tweaks can also result in some extras, like forwarding custom allocator types to std::vector
, etc... 使用可变参数模板可以做进一步的工作,即一些额外的调整也可能导致一些额外的变化,例如将自定义分配器类型转发到
std::vector
等。
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