Python-检查字符串是否包含列表中的任何元素

Question

I need to check whether a string contains any element of a list. I'm currently using this method:

engWords = ["the", "a", "and", "of", "be", "that", "have", "it", "for", "not"]
engSentence = "the dogs fur is black and white"

print("the english sentence is: " + engSentence)

engWords2 = []
isEnglish = 0

for w in engWords:
    if w in engSentence:
        isEnglish = 1
        engWords2.append(w)

if isEnglish == 1:
    print("The sentence is english and contains the words: ")
    print(engWords2)

The problem with this is that it gives the output:

the english sentence is: the dogs fur is black and white
The sentence is english and contains the words: 
['the', 'a', 'and', 'it']
>>> 

As you can see 'a' and 'it' should not be present. How can i search so that it will only list individual words, rather than parts of a word also? I'm open to any ideas using normal python code, or regex(although I'm very new to both python and regex, so please nothing too complicated) Thank you.

Answer 1

It's finding those two words because they're substrings of "black" and "white" respectively. When you apply "in" to a string, it just looks for substrings of characters.

try:

engSentenceWords = engSentence.split()

And later,

if w in engSentenceWords:

That splits the original sentence into a list of individual words, and then checks against whole word values.

Answer 2

words = set(engSentence.split()).intersection(set(engWords))
if words:
    print("The sentence is english and contains the words: ")
    print(words)

Split the engSentence into tokens in a list, convert that to a set, convert engWords to a set, and find the intersection (common overlap). Then check to see if this is non-empty, and if so print out the words found.

Answer 3

or even simpler, add a space to your sentence and your search word:

engWords = ["the", "a", "and", "of", "be", "that", "have", "it", "for", "not"]
engSentence = "the dogs fur is black and white"

print("the english sentence is: " + engSentence)

engWords2 = []
isEnglish = 0
engSentence += " "

for w in engWords:
    if "%s " % w in engSentence:
        isEnglish = 1
        engWords2.append(w)

if isEnglish == 1:
    print("The sentence is english and contains the words: ")
    print(engWords2)

output is:

the english sentence is: the dogs fur is black and white
The sentence is english and contains the words: 
['the', 'and']

Answer 4

You may want to use regex matching. Try something like following

import re

match_list = ['foo', 'bar', 'eggs', 'lamp', 'owls']
match_str = 'owls are not what they seem'
match_regex = re.compile('^.*({1}).*$'.format('|'.join(match_list)))

if match_regex.match(match_str):
    print('We have a match.')

See the re documentation on python.org for details.