在bash中的命令之间使用＆符时重定向stdout和stderr

Question

I am writing a bash script to pull master branch from origin.Git is initialized in every app module.

My directory structure:

.-----bash_script
|----app1(git init)
                  |...various modules
                  |...error.txt
                  |...output.txt
|----app2(git init)
                  |...various modules
                  |...error.txt
                  |...output.txt

In bash_script: $directory contains (app1 or app2... it is called in a loop)

cd "${directory}" && git  checkout  master  && git pull origin master >> output.txt 2>>error.txt
cd ..

The above two lines are called for every app. This is what i have done so far

Problem:

1. I am only getting the stdout/stderr only for my last command ie pulling from origin and not from checkout . Is it possible to get the output of whole command without writing the file names before every && ?? then how

2. error.txt/output.txt files are generated inside the app directory. How can I generate them in the bash_script directory ie one level up.

3. when git pull origin master is executed

   From http://gitProjectUrl branch master -> FETCH_HEAD

   The above line is redirected in error.txt .

   Already up-to-date.

   And this line is redirected in output.txt

   Why both the lines are not in output.txt ??

Answer 1

Use a subshell (...) to collect all the outputs in a single stream:

( cd ... && ... && git pull origin master ) >> output.txt 2>>error.txt

This solves both problems since the streams are prepared before the cd command.

Answer 2

Just group them together using {...} :

{ cd "${directory}" && git checkout master && git pull origin master; } >>output.txt 2>>error.txt
cd ..