是否可以就地过滤矢量？

Question

I'd like to remove some elements from a Vec , but vec.iter().filter().collect() creates a new vector with borrowed items.

I'd like to mutate the original Vec without extra memory allocation (and keep memory of removed elements as an extra capacity of the vector).

Answer 1

If you want to remove elements, you can use retain() , which removes elements from the vector if the closure returns false :

let mut vec = vec![1, 2, 3, 4];
vec.retain(|&x| x % 2 == 0);
assert_eq!(vec, [2, 4]);

If you want to modify the elements in place, you have to do that in a for x in vec.iter_mut() .

Answer 2

If you truly want to mutate the vector's elements while filtering it, you can use the nightly-only method Vec::drain_filter , an extremely flexible tool:

#![feature(drain_filter)]

fn main() {
    let mut vec = vec![1, 2, 3, 4];
    vec.drain_filter(|x| {
        if *x % 2 == 0 {
            true
        } else {
            *x += 100;
            false
        }
    });
    assert_eq!(vec, [101, 103]);
}

It also allows you to get the removed elements as the return value of the entire method is an iterator!

Answer 3

Till Vec::drain_filter gets stable, we can solve the problem with homebrewed rust:

fn main() {
    let mut v = vec![1, 2, 3, 4];
    let mut i = 0;
    while i < v.len() {
        if v[i] % 2 == 0 {
            v.remove(i);
        } else {
            v[i] += 100;
            i += 1;
        }
    }
    println!("{:?}", v);  // [101, 103]
}

BTW remove() is an O(n) operation but doesn't allocate memory.
Playground

Answer 4

I am providing my take for this problem as I was unaware of the retain method:

impl<T> RemoveFilter<T> for Vec<T> {}
pub trait RemoveFilter<T>: BorrowMut<Vec<T>> {
    fn remove_filter<F: for<'b> FnMut(&'b T) -> bool>(&mut self, mut cb: F) {
        let vec: &mut Vec<T> = self.borrow_mut();
        let mut write_to = 0;
        let mut read_from = 0;
        while read_from < vec.len() {
            let maintain = cb(&mut vec[read_from]);
            if maintain {
                vec.as_mut_slice().swap(read_from, write_to);
                write_to += 1;
            }
            read_from += 1;
        }
        vec.resize_with(write_to, || panic!("We are shrinking the vector"));
    }
}

It will shift the elements as it iterates and then remove anything that is left behind. I think this is code may easily modified to solve other problems.