如何 mock.patch 在另一个模块中导入的类

Question

I have a python class with such a module:

xy.py

from a.b import ClassA

class ClassB:
  def method_1():
    a = ClassA()
    a.method2()

then I have ClassA defined as:

b.py

from c import ClassC

class ClassA:
  def method2():
      c = ClassC()
      c.method3()

Now in this code, when writing test for xy.py I want to mock.patch ClassC, is there a way to achieve that in python?

obviously I tried:

mock.patch('a.b.ClassA.ClassC')

and

mock.patch('a.b.c.ClassC')

None of these worked.

Answer 1

You need to patch where ClassC is located so that's ClassC in b :

mock.patch('b.ClassC')

Or, in other words, ClassC is imported into module b and so that's the scope in which ClassC needs to be patched.

Answer 2

Where to patch :

patch() works by (temporarily) changing the object that a name points to with another one. There can be many names pointing to any individual object, so for patching to work you must ensure that you patch the name used by the system under test.

The basic principle is that you patch where an object is looked up , which is not necessarily the same place as where it is defined .

In your case, the lookup location is abClassC since you want to patch ClassC used in ClassA .

import mock

with mock.patch('a.b.ClassC') as class_c:
    instance = class_c.return_value  # instance returned by ClassC()
    b = ClassB()
    b.method1()
    assert instance.method3.called == True
    

Answer 3

Each time the method ClassA().method2() is called, the method looks up ClassC as a global, thus finding ClassC in the ab module. You need to patch that location:

mock.patch('a.b.ClassC')

See the Where to patch section section.