[英]Linux C Shell, segmentation fault thrown by child process
I've been trying to pick up C for a homework assignment that says to create a C shell. 我一直在尝试为作业写一个C,说要创建一个C shell。 One requirement is that all the commands should be executed from a child process. 一个要求是所有命令应从子进程执行。 The problem seems to be that my child process dies way too early, and I never get to the part of the code that actually executes the command. 问题似乎是我的子进程死得太早了,而我从没有真正执行命令的那部分代码。 My code: 我的代码:
parseCommand.h parseCommand.h
char *parseCommand(char str[]) {
char * token;
//get size of the input array. divide memory amount allocated to array by the size of the 1st element (which should be representative of other elements)
size_t n = sizeof(str) / sizeof(str[0]);
char *args = malloc(n);
printf("Splitting string \"%s\" into tokens:\n", str);
token = strtok(str, " \n");
int i = 0;
while (token != NULL) {
printf(":: %s\n", token);
args[i++] = token;
token = strtok(NULL, " \n");
}
printf("after while loop");
args[i]=(char *) 0;
return args;
}
main.c main.c
//I probably don't need all these
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <string.h>
//Custom Libraries
#include "parseCommand.h"
char *parseCommand(char str[]);
int main() {
char path[10] = "/bin/";//path to bash scripts
int should_run = 1;
while (should_run) {
printf("yazan_shell>> ");
fflush(stdout); //force the prompt to the output immediately
char *cmdStr = (char *)malloc(40); //allocate space for array
fgets(&cmdStr, 40, stdin); //save user input to cmdStr
pid_t pid = fork(); //create
if (pid == 0) {
printf("==> Child received: %s command. Executing...\n", &cmdStr);
char *cmd = parseCommand(&cmdStr);//split user input by space
printf("cmd: %s", &cmd);
execvp(strcat(path, cmd[0]), cmd);//excecute the input cmd
} else {
int returnStatus;
waitpid(pid, &returnStatus, 0); //parent waits for child process
printf("==> Parent is silent!! PID: %d\n", pid);
should_run = 0;
}
free(cmdStr); //deallocate cmdStr
}
}
Output 1 输出1
yazan_shell>> ls -l
==> Child received: ls -l
command. Executing...
Splitting string "ls -l
" into tokens:
:: ls
:: -l
==> Parent is silent!! PID: 5500
RUN FINISHED; Segmentation fault; core dumped; real time: 3s; user: 0ms; system: 0ms
I just started learning C a couple days ago, but I google'd segmentation errors in C and it seems that I am either dereferencing a non-initialized pointer or trying to access freed memory. 我几天前才刚开始学习C,但是我用google搜索了C中的分段错误,看来我在取消引用未初始化的指针,还是试图访问释放的内存。 So I tried commenting out the 所以我尝试注释掉
free(cmdStr);
line and the output then looks like: 行,然后输出如下所示:
yazan_shell>> ls -l
==> Child received: ls -l
command. Executing...
Splitting string "ls -l
" into tokens:
:: ls
:: -l
==> Parent is silent!! PID: 5601
RUN FINISHED; exit value 33; real time: 1s; user: 0ms; system: 0ms
I also tried moving the print statement in the while loop in parseCommand.h but the output seems to not change either. 我也尝试在parseCommand.h的while循环中移动print语句,但是输出似乎也没有改变。 I've asked a couple of C++ professors who were available, but none of them were able to pinpoint the error(s). 我已经问过几个C ++教授,但他们都无法指出错误。 Is anyone here able to give me some pointers (hehe) about my mistake? 这里有人可以给我一些有关我的错误的提示吗?
Thank you very much in advance! 提前非常感谢您!
There are several problems - 有几个问题-
1. In main
- 1.在main
-
char *cmdStr = (char *)malloc(40); // don't cast it
fgets(&cmdStr, 40, stdin); // don't pass address of cmdStr it is already a char *
Just this is fine - 就这样-
char *cmdStr =malloc(40);
fgets(cmdStr, 40, stdin);
2. also here- 2.也在这里-
char *cmd = parseCommand(&cmdStr);//split user input by space
printf("cmd: %s", &cmd); //cmd is already a char * don't pass its address
write like this - 这样写-
printf("cmd: %s", cmd);
3. In your function char *parseCommand(char str[])
when you calculate number of elements - 3.在您的函数char *parseCommand(char str[])
当您计算元素数时-
size_t n = sizeof(str) / sizeof(str[0]);
this wont work as expected . 这不会按预期工作。 So calculate n
in main
and then pass it to your function 因此,在main
计算n
,然后将其传递给您的函数
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