Linux C Shell，子進程拋出分段錯誤

Question

我一直在嘗試為作業寫一個C，說要創建一個C shell。 一個要求是所有命令應從子進程執行。 問題似乎是我的子進程死得太早了，而我從沒有真正執行命令的那部分代碼。 我的代碼：

parseCommand.h

char *parseCommand(char str[]) {
    char * token;
    //get size of the input array. divide memory amount allocated to array by the size of the 1st element (which should be representative of other elements)
    size_t n = sizeof(str) / sizeof(str[0]); 
    char *args = malloc(n);
    printf("Splitting string \"%s\" into tokens:\n", str);
    token = strtok(str, " \n");
    int i = 0;
    while (token != NULL) {
        printf(":: %s\n", token);
        args[i++] = token;
        token = strtok(NULL, " \n");
    }
    printf("after while loop");
    args[i]=(char *) 0;
    return args;

}

main.c

//I probably don't need all these
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <string.h>

//Custom Libraries
#include "parseCommand.h"

char *parseCommand(char str[]);

int main() {

    char path[10] = "/bin/";//path to bash scripts
    int should_run = 1;
    while (should_run) {
        printf("yazan_shell>> ");
        fflush(stdout); //force the prompt to the output immediately
        char *cmdStr = (char *)malloc(40); //allocate space for array
        fgets(&cmdStr, 40, stdin); //save user input to cmdStr
        pid_t pid = fork(); //create 
        if (pid == 0) {
            printf("==> Child received: %s command. Executing...\n", &cmdStr);
            char *cmd = parseCommand(&cmdStr);//split user input by space
            printf("cmd: %s", &cmd);
            execvp(strcat(path, cmd[0]), cmd);//excecute the input cmd
        } else {
            int returnStatus;
            waitpid(pid, &returnStatus, 0); //parent waits for child process
            printf("==> Parent is silent!! PID: %d\n", pid);
            should_run = 0;
        }
        free(cmdStr); //deallocate cmdStr
    }
}

輸出1

yazan_shell>> ls -l
==> Child received: ls -l
 command. Executing...
Splitting string "ls -l
" into tokens:
:: ls
:: -l
==> Parent is silent!! PID: 5500

RUN FINISHED; Segmentation fault; core dumped; real time: 3s; user: 0ms; system: 0ms

我幾天前才剛開始學習C，但是我用google搜索了C中的分段錯誤，看來我在取消引用未初始化的指針，還是試圖訪問釋放的內存。 所以我嘗試注釋掉

free(cmdStr);

行，然后輸出如下所示：

yazan_shell>> ls -l
==> Child received: ls -l
 command. Executing...
Splitting string "ls -l
" into tokens:
:: ls
:: -l
==> Parent is silent!! PID: 5601

RUN FINISHED; exit value 33; real time: 1s; user: 0ms; system: 0ms

我也嘗試在parseCommand.h的while循環中移動print語句，但是輸出似乎也沒有改變。 我已經問過幾個C ++教授，但他們都無法指出錯誤。 這里有人可以給我一些有關我的錯誤的提示嗎？

提前非常感謝您！

Answer 1

有幾個問題-

1.在main -

char *cmdStr = (char *)malloc(40);  // don't cast it
fgets(&cmdStr, 40, stdin);        // don't pass address of cmdStr it is already a char *

就這樣-

char *cmdStr =malloc(40); 
fgets(cmdStr, 40, stdin); 

2.也在這里-

char *cmd = parseCommand(&cmdStr);//split user input by space
printf("cmd: %s", &cmd);      //cmd is already a char * don't pass its address

這樣寫-

printf("cmd: %s", cmd); 

3.在您的函數char *parseCommand(char str[])當您計算元素數時-

size_t n = sizeof(str) / sizeof(str[0]); 

這不會按預期工作。 因此，在main計算n ，然后將其傳遞給您的函數