如何正确使用sklearn来预测拟合误差

Question

I'm using sklearn to fit a linear regression model to some data. In particular, my response variable is stored in an array y and my features in a matrix X .

I train a linear regression model with the following piece of code

    from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
    model = LinearRegression()
    model.fit(X,y)

and everything seems to be fine.

Then let's say I have some new data X_new and I want to predict the response variable for them. This can easily done by doing

    predictions = model.predict(X_new)

My question is, what is this the error associated to this prediction? From my understanding I should compute the mean squared error of the model:

    from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error
    model_mse = mean_squared_error(model.predict(X),y)

And basically my real predictions for the new data should be a random number computed from a gaussian distribution with mean predictions and sigma^2 = model_mse . Do you agree with this and do you know if there's a faster way to do this in sklearn ?

Answer 1

You probably want to validate your model on your training data set. I would suggest exploring the cross-validation submodule sklearn.cross_validation .

The most basic usage is:

from sklearn.cross_validation import train_test_split

X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y)

Answer 2

It depends on you training data- If it's distribution is a good representation of the "real world" and of a sufficient size (see learning theories, as PAC ), then I would generally agree.

That said- if you are looking for a practical way to evaluate your model, why won't you use the test set as Kris has suggested? I usually use grid search for optimizing parameters:

#split to training and test sets
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test =train_test_split(
X_data[indices], y_data[indices], test_size=0.25)

#cross validation gridsearch 
params = dict(logistic__C=[0.1,0.3,1,3, 10,30, 100])
grid_search = GridSearchCV(clf, param_grid=params,cv=5)
grid_search.fit(X_train, y_train)

#print scores and best estimator
print 'best param: ', grid_search.best_params_ 
print 'best train score: ', grid_search.best_score_
print 'Test score: ', grid_search.best_estimator_.score(X_test,y_test)

The Idea is hiding the test set from your learning algorithm (and yourself)- Don't train and don't optimize parameters using this data.

Finally you should use the test set for performance evaluation (error) only, it should provide an unbiased mse.