像在Java中一样用c ++实例化一个抽象类

Question

I am stuck on a point at my C++ personal learning process. I come from Java language.

I am trying to set a class in C++ which have an abstract method. Up to there, there is no big deal. But I'd like to instantiate that class as I can do in Java:

// MyClass has an abstract method named "AbstractMethod"
MyClass class_object = new MyClass()
{
   @Override
   public void AbstractMethod()
   {
     // Do something here
   }
};
class_object.AbstractMethod();

In Java, it works perfectly. But i'd like to do the same in C++, and there is a problem here: C++ doesn't seems to like the idea of instantiating a class having virtual method.

I have searched for some days now and I can't find any answer to that question on internet. Maybe it is just me badly writting the search sentence, as I am not a native English speaker I might have some difficulties finding the correct syntax on asking that question.

Is there any possibility for me, in C++, to do as in Java or at least, likely? Is using Templates a solution ? (never learned templates before, I still have a lot to learn).

Also, I cannot create numerous classes to redefine a method, as this class will be used to do a custom treatment for each instance. It would be, I think, a waste to create classes just to see it being the proud father of one and only one object of that type.

Answer 1

I would say - in c++, the equivalent of your java code would be:

#include <iostream>

struct A {
    virtual void foo() = 0;
};

int main(void) {
    struct B : public A {
        void foo() override {
            std::cout << "inst::foo()" << std::endl;
        }
    };
    A* p = new B;
    p->foo();
}

As you can see there is no such thing as instantiating an abstract class, you must provide a concrete implementation to instantiate. The subtle difference is that in java it's an anonymous class, here it's not...

Answer 2

It is not an instantiation of the MyClass in your example! You just extend it with anonymous inner-class and then instantiate it's instance by this code and syntax (class isn't so much anonymous, though - under the hood it has a name like YourClass$1 ).

And then you can place a reference of this anonymous YourClass$1 class instance to the variable with MyClass because it is a superclass (you can use Object or some interface type too)

C++ 11 doesn't have exactly the same type of inner-classes and extend/instantiate syntax, but you can try to use Lambdas to achieve similar results. Look here: Does C++0x support Anonymous Inner Classes?

Answer 3

Java, unlike c++, distinguishes between an interface and an abstract class, maybe this is the source of your confusion.

This is how an Java interface looks in c++:

class myClass{
   virtual void foo =0; //pure virtual method
}

This is an Java abstract class in c++:

class myClass{
   virtual void foo=0;
   virtual void abstractMethod(); 
}

Neither of these can be instantiated, you can only inherit from them and override the abstract methods.

class myClass_Impl: public myClass
{
   void foo();//must provide an implementation for pure virtual methods
   void abstractMethod(); //override the abstract class method
}

main()
{
   myClass_Impl x; //instace of your class
   myClass * p = new myClass_Impl(); //using polymorphism 
}

Answer 4

The syntax is a little different. But you can return instances of local classes:

class MyAbstractClass {
public:
    virtual void my_method() = 0;
};

MyAbstractClass* some_function() {
    class MyConcreteClass : public MyAbstractClass { // Our local class definition.
    public:
        virtual void my_method() override {
            // some code
        }
    };

    return new MyConcreteClass(); // Return a pointer to an instance of it
}