在某些设备上运行Android应用程序时出现Strange RuntimeException

Question

I have recently made an Android application and released the debug version to some people for testing purposes. All seems fine except to a few devices the app could not be run. After investigation the following exception was occurring when opening the app:

E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
Process: ir.irancell.neshan, PID: 23340
java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate application com.android.tools.fd.runtime.BootstrapApplication: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "com.android.tools.fd.runtime.BootstrapApplication" on path: DexPathList[[zip file "/data/app/ir.irancell.neshan-1.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app-lib/ir.irancell.neshan-1, /vendor/lib, /system/lib]]
    at android.app.LoadedApk.makeApplication(LoadedApk.java:516)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:4722)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.access$1600(ActivityThread.java:172)
    at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1368)
    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:146)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5653)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1291)
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1107)
    at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "com.android.tools.fd.runtime.BootstrapApplication" on path: DexPathList[[zip file "/data/app/ir.irancell.neshan-1.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app-lib/ir.irancell.neshan-1, /vendor/lib, /system/lib]]
    at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(BaseDexClassLoader.java:67)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:497)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:457)
    at android.app.Instrumentation.newApplication(Instrumentation.java:981)
    at android.app.LoadedApk.makeApplication(LoadedApk.java:511)
    at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:4722) 
    at android.app.ActivityThread.access$1600(ActivityThread.java:172) 
    at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1368) 
    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102) 
    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:146) 
    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5653) 
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515) 
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1291) 
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1107) 
    at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method) 

Strangely when I connect those problemed devices to Android Studio and compile the app specifically for them the app runs just fine. But if I generate an APK file and install them separately some devices still have that problem.
Googling the issue, some say ( here and here ) that the culprit is the Instant Run feature but I don't think Instant Run is responsible when you use Generate signed APK . So what could be the problem?

Answer 1

Yup, it seems that Instant Run was the culprit here. So disabling it resolved the issue.