在 jupyter/ipython notebook 中将命令行参数传递给 argv

Question

I'm wondering if it's possible to populate sys.argv (or some other structure) with command line arguments in a jupyter/ipython notebook, similar to how it's done through a python script.

For instance, if I were to run a python script as follows:

python test.py False

Then sys.argv would contain the argument False . But if I run a jupyter notebook in a similar manner:

jupyter notebook test.ipynb False

Then the command line argument gets lost. Is there any way to access this argument from within the notebook itself?

Answer 1

After a lot of looking around I found very cumbersome, custom libraries, but solved it with a few lines of code which I thought was pretty slick. I used nbconvert to end up with an html report as output that contains all graphics and markdown from the notebook, but accepts command line parameters just as always through a minimal python wrapper:

The python file test_args.py (which takes command line params as normal):

import sys,os
IPYNB_FILENAME = 'test_argv.ipynb'
CONFIG_FILENAME = '.config_ipynb'

def main(argv):
    with open(CONFIG_FILENAME,'w') as f:
        f.write(' '.join(argv))
    os.system('jupyter nbconvert --execute {:s} --to html'.format(IPYNB_FILENAME))
    return None

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main(sys.argv)

The notebook contains:

import sys,os,argparse
from IPython.display import HTML
CONFIG_FILE = '.config_ipynb'
if os.path.isfile(CONFIG_FILE):
    with open(CONFIG_FILE) as f:
        sys.argv = f.read().split()
else:
    sys.argv = ['test_args.py', 'input_file', '--int_param', '12']

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("input_file",help="Input image, directory, or npy.")
parser.add_argument("--int_param", type=int, default=4, help="an optional integer parameter.")
args = parser.parse_args()
p = args.int_param
print(args.input_file,p)

and I can run the python notebook with arguments parsed as usual:

python test_args.py my_input_file --int_param 12

I tend to paste the block with argparse calls into the python wrapper so that command line errors are caught by the python script and -h works properly.

Answer 2

There are two projects I've found that do what you ask for

• Papermill , will add a cell to your notebook with arguments that you pass to it on the command line. So this is quite straightforward, you define your defaults in the first cell (the should have parameters tag)
• nbparameterise it is a similar concept but you don't tag your cell with defaults, it has to be first.

Here is a good resource discussing the issue: https://github.com/jupyter/help/issues/218

Answer 3

I think this Gist may help you : https://gist.github.com/gbishop/acf40b86a9bca2d571fa

This is an attempt at a simple argument parser for mostly key=value pairs that can be used both on the command line and in IPython notebooks. It support query parameters in notebook URLs and a Run command for notebooks.

Answer 4

If you use iPython for testing, transforming argparse into class format can be a quick dummy solution like this.

class Args:
  data = './data/penn'
  model = 'LSTM'
  emsize = 200
  nhid = 200

args=Args()

Github page offers web transformation service. http://35.192.144.192:8000/arg2cls.html
Hope that it would be helpful for your testing. Jan 9/19 many bugs are fixed.

Transform argparse module into class format. Python3 is required.

python3 [arg2cls.py] [argparse_script.py]

then copy & paste class format to replace argparse functions.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
from collections import OrderedDict
import sys
import re
DBG = False

#add_argument(), set_defaults() only available.
ListStartPatt = re.compile(r'\s*\[.*')
ListStartPatt2 = re.compile(r'\).*\[.*') # list out of function scope.
ListPatt = re.compile(r'(\[.*?\])')
GbgPatt = re.compile(r'(.*?)\)[^\)]+') # for float('inf') cmplx.
GbgPatt2 = re.compile(r'(.*?)\).*') # general gbg, ? for non greedy.
LpRegex = re.compile(r'\({1,}\s{0,}')
RpRegex = re.compile(r'\s{0,}\){1,}')
PrRegex = re.compile(r'\((.*)(\))(?!.*\))') # from \( to last \).
CmRegex = re.compile(r'\s{0,},\s{0,}')
StrRegex = re.compile(r'\'(.*?)\'')

# Argument dict : {arg_name : value}
argDct=OrderedDict()

# process 'default=' value.
def default_value(tval, dtype=''):
  # string pattern.
  regres = StrRegex.match(tval) 
  if regres and not re.search('int|float|long|bool|complex', dtype):
    if DBG:
      print('default_value: str patt found')
    tval = regres.group(0)
    return tval

  # typed pattern.
  CommaSeparated = CmRegex.split(tval)[0]
  if DBG:
    print('comma sepearated value:', CommaSeparated)

  if ListStartPatt.match(CommaSeparated) and not ListStartPatt2.match(CommaSeparated):
    lres = ListPatt.search(tval)
    if lres:
      tval = lres.group(1)
    if DBG:
      print('list patt exist tval: ', tval)
  else :
    tval = CmRegex.split(tval)[0]
    if DBG:
      print('no list format tval: ', tval)

  # if default value is not like - int('inf') , remove characters after ')' garbage chars.
  ires = RpRegex.split(tval)[0]
  if not (re.search('int|float|long|bool|complex', ires) and re.search(r'[a-z]+\(',ires)):
    if DBG:
      print('not int("inf") format. Rp removed tval : ', tval)
    tval = re.split(r'\s{0,}\){1,}',tval)[0]
    gbg = GbgPatt2.search(tval)
    if gbg:
      tval = gbg.group(1)  
      if DBG:
        print('garbage exist & removed. tval : ', tval)

  # int('inf') patt.
  else:
    if DBG:
      print('type("inf") value garbaging!')
    gbg = GbgPatt.search(tval)
    if gbg:
      if DBG:
        print('garbage found, extract!')
      tval = gbg.group(1)

  return tval

# Handling add_argument()
def add_argument(arg_line):
  global argDct
  if DBG:
    print('\nin add_argument : **Pre regex: ', arg_line)

  '''    
  argument name
  '''
  # argname = DdRegex.split(arg_line)[1] # Dash or regex for arg name.
  argname = re.search('\'--(.*?)\'', arg_line)
  if not argname:
    argname = re.search('\'-+(.*?)\'', arg_line)

  # dest= keyword handling.
  dest = re.search(r',\s*dest\s*=(.*)', arg_line)
  if dest:
    dval = dest.group(1)
    dval = default_value(dval)
    argname = StrRegex.search(dval)

  # hyphen(-) to underscore(_)
  if argname:
    argname = argname.group(1).replace('-', '_')
  else :
    # naive str argname.
    sres = StrRegex.match(arg_line)
    if sres:
      argname = sres.group(1)
    if not argname:
      return # no argument name 

  '''
  check for syntaxes (type=, default=, required=, action=, help=, choices=)
  '''
  dtype = ''
  dres = re.search(r',\s*type\s*=\s*(.*)', arg_line)
  if dres:
    dtype = dres.group(1)
    dtype = CmRegex.split(dtype)[0]

  dfult = re.search(r',\s*default\s*=\s*(.*)', arg_line)
  rquird = re.search(r',\s*required\s*=\s*(.*)', arg_line)
  action = re.search(r',\s*action\s*=\s*(.*)', arg_line)
  hlp = re.search(r',\s*help\s*=\s*(.*)', arg_line)
  chice = re.search(r',\s*choices\s*=\s*(.*)', arg_line)

  # help message
  hlp_msg = ''
  if hlp:
    thl = hlp.group(1)
    if DBG:
      print('handling help=')
    hlp_msg = default_value(thl)
    if hlp_msg:
      hlp_msg = 'help='+hlp_msg

  # choice message
  choice_msg = ''
  if chice:
    tch = chice.group(1)
    if DBG:
      print('handling choices=')
    choice_msg = default_value(tch)
    if choice_msg:
      choice_msg = 'choices='+choice_msg+' '

  '''
  argument value
  '''
  # tval: argument value.
  tval = ''
  # default exist.
  if dfult:
    tval = dfult.group(1)
    tval = default_value(tval, dtype)
    if DBG:
      print('value determined : ', tval)

  # action or required syntaxes exist.
  elif action or rquird:
    if DBG:
      print('in action/required handling')
    msg_str = ''
    if action:
      tval = action.group(1)
      msg_str = 'action'
    elif rquird:
      tval = rquird.group(1)
      msg_str = 'required'

    tval = default_value(tval)
    tval = ' ** ' + msg_str + ' '+tval+'; '+choice_msg+ hlp_msg

  # no default, action, required.
  else : 
    argDct[argname] = ' ** default not found; '+choice_msg+ hlp_msg

  # value found.
  if tval:
    argDct[argname] = tval

# Handling set_defaults()
def set_defaults(arg_line):
  global argDct
  if DBG:
    print('\nin set_defaults arg_line: ', arg_line)

  # arguments to process.
  tv='' 
  # arguments of set_default()
  SetPatt = re.compile(r'(.+=.+\)?)')
  sres = SetPatt.match(arg_line)
  if sres:
    tv = sres.group(1)
    if DBG:
      print("setPatt res: ", tv)
    tv = re.sub(r'\s+','', tv)
    if DBG:
      print('\nset_default values: ', tv)

  # one arguemnt regex.
  SetArgPatt = re.compile(r',?([^=]+=)[^=,]+,?')
  # handling multiple set_default() arguments. (may have a bug)
  while True:
    tname=''
    tval =''
    tnv=''
    # func closed.
    if re.match(r',*\).*',tv):
      tv=''
      break
    if DBG:
      print('set_default remaining: ', tv)

    nres = SetArgPatt.match(tv)
    if nres:
      tname = nres.group(1)
      if len(tv.split(tname, 1)) > 1:
        tval = tv.split(tname,1)[1]
        tval = default_value(tval)
        tnv=tname+tval
        tname = tname.rsplit('=',1)[0]

      if DBG:
        print('set_default tnam: ', tname)
        print('set_default tval: ', tval)
      if tname:
        argDct[tname] = tval

      # split with processed argument.
      tv = tv.split(tnv)
      if len(tv) > 1:
        tv = tv[1]
      # no more value to process
      else:
        break

    # no arg=value pattern found.
    else:
      break

# Remove empty line & Concatenate line-separated syntax.
def preprocess(fname):
  try :
    with open(fname, 'r', encoding='UTF8') as f:
      txt = f.read()
      t = txt.splitlines(True)
      t = list( filter(None, t) )

      # remove empty line
      t = [x for x in t if not re.match(r'\s{0,}\n',x)]
      # concatenate multiple lined arguments.
      # empl : lines to be deleted from t[].
      empl = []
      for i in range(len(t)-1, 0, -1):
        if not re.search('add_argument|set_defaults', t[i]):
          t[i-1] += t[i]
          t[i-1]=re.sub(r'\n{0,}','',t[i-1])
          t[i-1]=re.sub(r'\s{1,}',' ',t[i-1])
          empl.append(t[i])

      for d in empl:
        t.remove(d)
      for i, line in enumerate(t):
        t[i] = line.replace('\"', '\'').split('parse_args()')[0]
      return t

  except IOError:
    print('IOError : no such file.', fname)
    sys.exit()

def transform(fname):
  # t : list() contains add_argument|set_defaults lines.
  arg_line_list = preprocess(fname)

  for i, arg_line in enumerate(arg_line_list):
    t = PrRegex.search(arg_line)

    if t:
      t = t.group(1) # t: content of add_argument Parentheses.
    else :
      continue # nothing to parse.

    if re.search(r'add_argument\s*\(', arg_line):
      add_argument(t)
    elif re.search(r'set_defaults\s*\(',arg_line):
      set_defaults(t)
    else :
      # Nothing to parse.
      continue

  print('\nclass Args:')
  for i in argDct:
    print(' ',i, '=', argDct[i])
  print()
  print('args=Args()')

def main():
  if len(sys.argv) <2:
    print('Usage : python arg2cls.py [target.py] [target2.py(optional)] ...')
    sys.exit(0)
  sys.argv.pop(0)

  #handling multiple file input.
  for fname in sys.argv:
    transform(fname)

if(__name__ == "__main__"):
  main()

Answer 5

If the goal is to run a notebook with configurable arguments passed from commandline, I think the easiest way is to use environment variables, like this:

NB_ARGS=some_args jupyter nbconvert --execute --to html --template full some_notebook.ipynb

Then in the notebook, you can import os and use os.environ['NB_ARGS'] . The variable value can be some text that contains key-value pairs or json for example.

Answer 6

At the top of the Jupyter cell, put a line like:

%%python - --option1 value1 --option2 value2 --etc

In your example:

%%python - True

This will run your script like in a command line with the args provided.

Example:

%%python - --option1 value1 --option2 value2 --etc

import sys

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print(sys.argv)

will output:

['-', '--option1', 'value1', '--option2', 'value2', '--etc']

Hope it helps.

Answer 7

sys.argv yields a list , so I used

sys.argv.append('hello')

in a jupyter notebook, which allowed me to append extra members and pretend like I'm passing in arguments from the command line.

Answer 8

A workaround is to make the jupyter notebook read the arguments from a file. From the command line, modify the file and run the notebook.

Answer 9

I assume that you just want to parse some arguments to the notebooks, but it's not necessary to use the command line.

If you want to parse commands like.

python script.py --a A --b B

You can use the following code in the notebook:

cmd = '--a A --b B'
args = args = parser.parse_args(cmd)

For parse_args , you can find more information here .

Answer 10

you can use Jupyter build-in magic command %run within the notebook.

From this link , you can use:

%run -p [prof_opts] filename.py [args to program]

Or something like %run -i script.py False

Or if you are parsing the arguments %run -i script.py --flag1 False --flag2 True

Answer 11

A simple and naïve solution is to put the following snippet at the first line of your program:

import sys
sys.argv = "your expected command line arguments here".split()

After executing this command, packages like argparse will work well.

So, you can just run your scripts in the jupyter lab server, without opening a terminal and typing your arguments.

Answer 12

I tried out the answers listed above, and came up with a different solution.

My original code was

ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
ap.add_argument("-i", "--image", required=True, help="path to input image")
ap.add_argument("-y", "--yolo", required=True, help="base path to YOLO directory")
ap.add_argument("-c", "--confidence", type=float, default=0.5, help="minimum probability to filter weak detections")
ap.add_argument("-t", "--threshold", type=float, default=0.3, help="threshold when applying non-maxima suppression")
args = vars(ap.parse_args())

I tried to make a Class as

Class Args():
    image='photo.jpg'
    yolo='yolo-coco'
    confidence=0.5
    threshold=0.3

args=Args()

but futher code snippets were producing an error.

So I printed args after vars(ap.parse_args()) and found that it was a dictionary.

So just create a dictionary for the original args:

args={"image":  'photo.jpg', "yolo":  'yolo-coco', "confidence": 0.5,"threshold": 0.3}