Python多处理-发生未处理的异常时正常退出

Question

The logic of my multiprocessing program that tries to handle exceptions in processes is pretty much like the following:

import multiprocessing

class CriticalError(Exception):

    def __init__(self, error_message):
        print error_message
        q.put("exit")


def foo_process():
    while True:
        try:
            line = open("a_file_that_does_not_exist").readline()
        except IOError:
            raise CriticalError("IOError")

        try:
            text = line.split(',')[1]
            print text
        except IndexError:
            print 'no text'

if __name__ == "__main__":
    q = multiprocessing.Queue()
    p = multiprocessing.Process(target=foo_process)
    p.start()

    while True:
        if not q.empty():
            msg = q.get()
            if msg == "exit":
                p.terminate()
                exit()

If I don't have the try-except around file operation, I get

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 258, in _bootstrap
    self.run()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 114, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "foo.py", line 22, in foo_process
    line = open("a_file_that_does_not_exist").readline()
IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'a_file_that_does_not_exist'

but the program remains open. Is there a Pythonic way to remove the try-except clause related to IOError, or actually, to have all unhandled exceptions either put the "exit" message into Queue 'q', or terminate the process and exit the program some other way? This would clear my codebase by a huge amount when I wouldn't have to catch errors that in applications without multiprocessing kill the program automatically. It would also allow me to add assertions when AssertionError would also exit the program. Whatever the solution, I'd like to be able to see the traceback -- my current solution doesn't provide it.

Answer 1

Since the child will die on exception anyway (ie p.terminate() is pointless) then why not let the master process check if its child is still alive?

from queue import Empty
# from Queue import Empty  # if Python 2.x

while not q.empty():
    if not p.is_alive():
        break

    try:
        msg = q.get(timeout=1)
    except Empty:
        continue

    # other message handling code goes here

# some graceful cleanup
exit()

Note that I've added timeout on get so it won't block forever when the child is dead. You can customize the period to your needs.

With that you don't need to do anything unusual in the child process like pushing to a queue on error. Besides the original approach will fail on some rare occasions, eg force kill on the child will cause the master to hang forever (cause child won't have time to push anything to the queue).

You can potentially retrieve traceback from the child process by rebinding sys.stdout (and/or sys.stderr ) inside foo_process function (to either parent's stdout or a file or whatever file descriptors support). Have a look here:

Log output of multiprocessing.Process

---

Without queue and with multiple processes I would go for something like that:

processes = [f, b, c]
while processes:
    time.sleep(1)
    for p in processes:
        if not p.is_alive():
            processes.remove(p)
            break
exit()

which can be done better with joins:

processes = [f, b, c]
for p in processes:
    p.join()
exit()

assuming that master is not supposed to do anything else while waiting for children.