Java 8中的Streams和Collections有什么区别

Question

I'm learning about Streams in Java 8. I got confused about this concept:

A collection is an in-memory data structure, which holds all the values that the data structure currently has—every element in the collection has to be computed before it can be added to the collection. In contrast, a stream is a conceptually fixed data structure in which elements are computed on demand.

I don't understand, how can a Collection only hold values that must have been computed before they can be added to the collection? And also, what is meant by the comparison of a Stream with a fixed data structure?

Answer 1

You didn't provide the source of your quote, so let me quote the javadoc to you:

Streams differ from collections in several ways:

• No storage . A stream is not a data structure that stores elements; instead, it conveys elements from a source such as a data structure, an array, a generator function, or an I/O channel, through a pipeline of computational operations.
• Functional in nature . An operation on a stream produces a result, but does not modify its source. For example, filtering a Stream obtained from a collection produces a new Stream without the filtered elements, rather than removing elements from the source collection.
• Laziness-seeking . Many stream operations, such as filtering, mapping, or duplicate removal, can be implemented lazily, exposing opportunities for optimization. For example, "find the first String with three consecutive vowels" need not examine all the input strings. Stream operations are divided into intermediate ( Stream -producing) operations and terminal (value- or side-effect-producing) operations. Intermediate operations are always lazy.
• Possibly unbounded . While collections have a finite size, streams need not. Short-circuiting operations such as limit(n) or findFirst() can allow computations on infinite streams to complete in finite time.
• Consumable . The elements of a stream are only visited once during the life of a stream. Like an Iterator , a new stream must be generated to revisit the same elements of the source.

In contrast, a Collection is a container of objects (elements). You can't get (retrieve) an object from a collection unless the object was previously added to the collection.

Answer 2

Some basic differences are

But these are some finite differences, you have to explore to know more. Collections are like CD/DVD and stream's are the movies. Streams can be stateless and statefull.