Python：按键选择字典项

Question

I have this dictionary:

a = { 
    'car1': ('high cp', 'low fd', 'safe'),
    'car2': ('med cp', 'med fd', 'safe'), 
    'car3': ('low cp', 'high fd', 'safe'), 
    'taxi1': ('high cp', 'low fd', 'safe', 'med wt'), 
    'taxi2': ('high cp', 'low fd', 'safe', 'high wt'), 
    'taxi3': ('high cp', 'low fd', 'safe', 'high wt')
}

From the above dictionary, I want to create a new dictionary that consists only 'car%s'

I'm using this code snippet (from another question)

b = {}
for key in a:
    if key == 'car%s'% (range (4)):
        print (" %s : %s" % (key, a[key]))
print(b)

It returns {}

I expect to get:

a = { 
    'car1': ('high cp', 'low fd', 'safe'),
    'car2': ('med cp', 'med fd', 'safe'), 
    'car3': ('low cp', 'high fd', 'safe'), 
}

What am I missing here?

Answer 1

If you want to add keys which contain word car in it, then it will work:

a = { 
    'car1': ('high cp', 'low fd', 'safe'),
    'car2': ('med cp', 'med fd', 'safe'), 
    'car3': ('low cp', 'high fd', 'safe'), 
    'taxi1': ('high cp', 'low fd', 'safe', 'med wt'), 
    'taxi2': ('high cp', 'low fd', 'safe', 'high wt'), 
    'taxi3': ('high cp', 'low fd', 'safe', 'high wt')
}

b = {}
for key in a:
    if 'car' in key:
        print (key, a[key])
        b[key] = a[key]
print(b)

Answer 2

You're checking the prefix the wrong way and you're not storing the result. You could use str.startswith and dict comprehension to generate the result:

>>> a = { 
... 'car1': ('high cp', 'low fd', 'safe'),
... 'car2': ('med cp', 'med fd', 'safe'), 
... 'car3': ('low cp', 'high fd', 'safe'), 
... 'taxi1': ('high cp', 'low fd', 'safe', 'med wt'), 
... 'taxi2': ('high cp', 'low fd', 'safe', 'high wt'), 
... 'taxi3': ('high cp', 'low fd', 'safe', 'high wt')
... }
>>> res = {k: v for k, v in a.items() if k.startswith('car')}
>>> res
{'car2': ('med cp', 'med fd', 'safe'), 'car3': ('low cp', 'high fd', 'safe'), 'car1': ('high cp', 'low fd', 'safe')}

Instead of inserting a number to the format string your current check inserts the range object there which probably isn't the result you expect:

>>> 'car%s'% (range (4))
'carrange(0, 4)'

Answer 3

You never do anything with the keys you validate but print them. You need to add them to your new dictionary:

b ={}
for key, val in a.items(): # .iteritems() for Python 2.x users
   if key == 'car%s' % (range (4)):
       b[key] = val
print(b)

Your code is would still be broken however. You need to make some changes:

• The only prefix you need to check is "car" . Forget trying to match the whole string.

• This entire for loop could be made into a very simple dictionary comprehension:

   >>> a = { ... 'car1': ('high cp', 'low fd', 'safe'), ... 'car2': ('med cp', 'med fd', 'safe'), ... 'car3': ('low cp', 'high fd', 'safe'), ... 'taxi1': ('high cp', 'low fd', 'safe', 'med wt'), ... 'taxi2': ('high cp', 'low fd', 'safe', 'high wt'), ... 'taxi3': ('high cp', 'low fd', 'safe', 'high wt') ... } >>> {k: v for k, v in a.items() if k[0:3] == 'car'} {'car2': ('med cp', 'med fd', 'safe'), 'car3': ('low cp', 'high fd', 'safe'), 'car1': ('high cp', 'low fd', 'safe')} >>> 

Answer 4

This works:

new_dict = {}

for k in a.keys():
    if 'car' in k:
        new_dict[k] = a[k]

result:

>>new_dict
{'car1': ('high cp', 'low fd', 'safe'),
 'car2': ('med cp', 'med fd', 'safe'),
 'car3': ('low cp', 'high fd', 'safe')}

Answer 5

what do you expect from range(4)? It returns [0, 1, 2, 3]

b = {}
for key in range(4):
    new_key = "car%s" % key # generate new_key
    item = a.get(new_key)
    if item is not None:
        b[new_key] = item
print (b)

OR you want to get items only starts with car , read this link https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.startswith

b = {}
for key, value in a.items():
    if key.startswith("car"):
        b[key] = a[key]
print (b)

output

{'car2': ('med cp', 'med fd', 'safe'), 
'car3': ('low cp', 'high fd', 'safe'), 
'car1': ('high cp', 'low fd', 'safe')}