Bash：从fasta文件中删除行

Question

I wonder what is the best way to remove some lines from a fasta file in bash.

In the example above, let's say I want to remove the line where it's written 'GUITH', how do you remove this line and above lines, until you find some other '>' character ?

fasta file:

>B4KSI7_DROMO
RGLKRKPMALIKKLRKAKKEAPPNEKPEIVKTHLRNMIIVPEMTGSIIGVYNGKDFGQVE
VKPEMIGHYLGEFALTYKPVKH
>O46898_GUITH
RSLSKGPYIAAHLLKKLNNVDIQKPDVVIKTWSRSSTILPNMVGATIAVYNGKQHVPVYI
SDQMVGHKLGEFSPTRTFRSH
>Q7RT13_PLAYO
RGIDKKAKSLLKKLRKAKKECEVGEKPKPIPTHLRNMTIIPEMVGSIVAVHNGKQYTNVE
IKPEMIGYYLGEFSITYKHTRH

fasta file after filtering with bash:

>B4KSI7_DROMO
RGLKRKPMALIKKLRKAKKEAPPNEKPEIVKTHLRNMIIVPEMTGSIIGVYNGKDFGQVE
VKPEMIGHYLGEFALTYKPVKH
>Q7RT13_PLAYO
RGIDKKAKSLLKKLRKAKKECEVGEKPKPIPTHLRNMTIIPEMVGSIVAVHNGKQYTNVE
IKPEMIGYYLGEFSITYKHTRH

There is an other version of the question, but harder manipulation. Let's say you have a file with species names :

species.txt :

DROMO;
PLAYO;

And you want to delete lines in the fasta file where species are not present in the species.txt document. So you get the same output as above, but you get the lines to erase thanks to some other file (not entering 'GUITH' directly). What would be the best way of doing that ?

Answer 1

To remove the line where it's written 'GUITH':

sed 's/>/\n&/' fasta.txt | sed '/_GUITH/,/^$/d' | sed '/^$/d'

To delete lines in the fasta file where species are not present in the species.txt:

With GNU sed and bash:

sed 's/>/\n&/' fasta.txt | sed -n -f <( sed 's/;$//;s|.*|/_&$/,/^$/p|' species.txt ) | sed '/^$/d'

Output:

>B4KSI7_DROMO
RGLKRKPMALIKKLRKAKKEAPPNEKPEIVKTHLRNMIIVPEMTGSIIGVYNGKDFGQVE
VKPEMIGHYLGEFALTYKPVKH
>Q7RT13_PLAYO
RGIDKKAKSLLKKLRKAKKECEVGEKPKPIPTHLRNMTIIPEMVGSIVAVHNGKQYTNVE
IKPEMIGYYLGEFSITYKHTRH

Answer 2

In awk:

$ awk '/^>/{p=1} /GUITH/{p=0} p' file
>B4KSI7_DROMO
RGLKRKPMALIKKLRKAKKEAPPNEKPEIVKTHLRNMIIVPEMTGSIIGVYNGKDFGQVE
VKPEMIGHYLGEFALTYKPVKH
>Q7RT13_PLAYO
RGIDKKAKSLLKKLRKAKKECEVGEKPKPIPTHLRNMTIIPEMVGSIVAVHNGKQYTNVE
IKPEMIGYYLGEFSITYKHTRH

Explained:

/^>/ { p=1 }    # turn print flag up for each record starting with >
/GUITH/ { p=0 } # turn print flag down for GUITH
p               # print if p

If you want to have a list of approved names:

$ cat list
DROMO
PLAYO
$ awk 'NR==FNR{a[$1];next} /^>/{n=split($0,b,"_"); p=(b[n] in a)} p' list file
>B4KSI7_DROMO
RGLKRKPMALIKKLRKAKKEAPPNEKPEIVKTHLRNMIIVPEMTGSIIGVYNGKDFGQVE
VKPEMIGHYLGEFALTYKPVKH
>Q7RT13_PLAYO
RGIDKKAKSLLKKLRKAKKECEVGEKPKPIPTHLRNMTIIPEMVGSIVAVHNGKQYTNVE
IKPEMIGYYLGEFSITYKHTRH

Explained:

NR==FNR { a[$1]; next }                   # read the list to array a
/^>/ { n=split($0,b,"_"); p=(b[n] in a) } # take the word after _ and if in a, enable print
p                                         # if p, print