在Linux终端上使用C ++编译示例opengl应用程序

Question

So, as the title is pretty much explaining everything, let me tell why this does not work for me.

I have a simple OpenGL application which I am supposed to compile and run using GLFW libraries. So far so good, I have downloaded and tested all OpenGL and GLFW libaries, among other libraries like GLUT. When compiling the application through terminal, I also link the required libraries like so (I am not really sure which libararies required, that's why I put a bunch of them without a professional knowledge):

g++ -std=gnu++11 -lglut -lGL -lGLU -lGLEW -lglfw3 -lGL -lm -lXrandr -lXi -lX11 -lXxf86vm -lpthread main.cpp -o main -I external/include/

Let me share what ls shows on that project's directory:

external    gl_app.hpp       main.cpp    models.hpp
gl_app.cpp  gl_includes.hpp  models.cpp  Readme.md

The folder external includes some headers that were included in the main.cpp file. That is why I am also calling this folder.

Here is the first ten lines of main.cpp . The "glm/*.hpp" files are in the external folder.

#include "gl_app.hpp"
#include "models.hpp"

#include <glm/vec2.hpp>
#include <glm/mat4x4.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <cmath>

And after all, here is the error message I get. It simply complains about the declarations. I have read many documentations and questions around, implementing many solutions of whom faced with very similar problem. Yet in my case the problem keeps remaining.

Any help?

main.cpp: In member function ‘virtual bool gl_ifi::GlExample::init()’:

main.cpp:78:54: error: ‘glViewport’ was not declared in this scope
         glViewport(0, 0, int(fbSize.x), int(fbSize.y));
                                                      ^
main.cpp:87:53: error: ‘glCreateShader’ was not declared in this scope
         vertShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
                                                     ^
main.cpp:88:59: error: ‘glShaderSource’ was not declared in this scope
         glShaderSource(vertShader, 1, &vertShaderSource, 0);
                                                           ^
main.cpp:89:35: error: ‘glCompileShader’ was not declared in this scope
         glCompileShader(vertShader);
                                   ^
main.cpp:90:61: error: ‘glGetShaderiv’ was not declared in this scope
         glGetShaderiv(vertShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &status);
                                                             ^
main.cpp:93:64: error: ‘glGetShaderInfoLog’ was not declared in this scope
             glGetShaderInfoLog(vertShader, 512, 0, errorMessage);
                                                                ^
main.cpp:106:64: error: ‘glGetShaderInfoLog’ was not declared in this scope
             glGetShaderInfoLog(fragShader, 512, 0, errorMessage);
                                                                ^
main.cpp:113:36: error: ‘glCreateProgram’ was not declared in this scope
         program_ = glCreateProgram();
                                    ^
main.cpp:115:44: error: ‘glAttachShader’ was not declared in this scope
         glAttachShader(program_, vertShader);
                                            ^
main.cpp:117:31: error: ‘glLinkProgram’ was not declared in this scope
         glLinkProgram(program_);
                               ^
main.cpp:118:57: error: ‘glGetProgramiv’ was not declared in this scope
         glGetProgramiv(program_, GL_LINK_STATUS, &status);
                                                         ^
main.cpp:120:63: error: ‘glGetProgramInfoLog’ was not declared in this scope
             glGetProgramInfoLog(program_, 512, 0, errorMessage);
                                                               ^
main.cpp:125:34: error: ‘glDeleteShader’ was not declared in this scope
         glDeleteShader(vertShader);
                                  ^
main.cpp:129:65: error: ‘glGetUniformLocation’ was not declared in this scope
         uniformMVP_ = glGetUniformLocation(program_, "mvpMatrix");
                                                                 ^
main.cpp: In member function ‘virtual bool gl_ifi::GlExample::render()’:
main.cpp:137:31: error: ‘glEnable’ was not declared in this scope
         glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
                               ^
main.cpp:138:31: error: ‘glDisable’ was not declared in this scope
         glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE);
                               ^
main.cpp:141:44: error: ‘glClearColor’ was not declared in this scope
         glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
                                            ^
main.cpp:142:58: error: ‘glClear’ was not declared in this scope
         glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
                                                          ^
main.cpp:145:30: error: ‘glUseProgram’ was not declared in this scope
         glUseProgram(program_);
                              ^
main.cpp:149:71: error: ‘glUniformMatrix4fv’ was not declared in this scope
     glUniformMatrix4fv(uniformMVP_, 1, GL_FALSE, &mvpMatrix_[0][0]);
                                                                   ^
main.cpp:151:52: error: ‘glBindVertexArray’ was not declared in this scope
         glBindVertexArray(cube_->getVertexArrayId());
                                                    ^
main.cpp:153:42: error: ‘glDrawElements’ was not declared in this scope
                        GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
                                          ^
main.cpp: In member function ‘virtual bool gl_ifi::GlExample::end()’:
main.cpp:163:37: error: ‘glDeleteProgram’ was not declared in this scope
             glDeleteProgram(program_);
                                     ^

Answer 1

Not declared in scope means you didn't include the header, or didn't include it properly.

  #include <GL/glut.h>

Should give you everything. If that doesn't work, try just gl.h.

Answer 2

Those "glXXX was not declared" means you don't include glew.

Try something like #include "GLEW/include/GL/glew.h The idea is that glew.h must be included first.

Glew is used to find glXXX functions for OpenGL > 1.3