对于PHP REST API，如何在类定义之外定义/设置数据库连接参数？

Question

I'm using the PHP REST API example that appears all over the web. Here's basically what it is:

<?php

    require_once("Rest.inc.php");

    class API extends REST {

        const DB_SERVER     = "myhost";
        const DB_USER       = "myuser";
        const DB_PASSWORD   = "mypassword";
        const DB_NAME       = "mydb";

        public $data = "";
        private $db = NULL;

        public function __construct(){
            parent::__construct();
            $this->dbConnect();
        }

        private function dbConnect(){

            try {
                $this->db = new PDO("mysql:host=" . self::DB_SERVER . ";dbname=" . self::DB_NAME, self::DB_USER, self::DB_PASSWORD);
                $this->db->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
            }
            catch(PDOException $e) {
                echo "Connection failed: " . $e->getMessage();
            }
        }


        public function processApi(){

            $func = strtolower(trim(str_replace("/","",$_REQUEST['rquest'])));

            if((int)method_exists($this,$func) > 0) {
                $this->$func();
            } else {
                $this->response('',404);
            }

        }

        private function activity(){
            ...
        }

        private function client(){
            ...
        }

        private function facility(){
            ...
        }

        etc...

        private function json($data){
            if(is_array($data)){
                return json_encode($data);
            }
        }
    }

    // Initiiate Library

    $api = new API;
    $api->processApi();

?>

It works fine, except that I don't want to hardcode the database connection parameters in that script. What is the best way (or is there a way) to separate them from this script? I can't use an include file inside the class declaration. Can I put the whole dbConnect() function in an include file, and include that outside the class definition? Any other options? I just want it so that there is nothing tying this script to a specific server. I would prefer to have the db server defined in a separate file that could be different on each server. I'm new to PHP and just wondering how the experts handle this.

**Edit: Got it working! This is a bit of a hybrid of the supplied answers.

dbConnect.php

<?php
    class DB {

        const DB_SERVER     = "myserver";
        const DB_USER       = "myuser";
        const DB_PASSWORD   = "mypassword";
        const DB_NAME       = "mydb";

        private $db = null;

        public function __construct() {
            try {
                $this->db = new PDO("mysql:host=" . self::DB_SERVER . ";dbname=" . self::DB_NAME, self::DB_USER, self::DB_PASSWORD);
                $this->db->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
            }
            catch(PDOException $e) {
                echo "Connection failed: " . $e->getMessage();
            }
        }
    }
?>

api.php

<?php

    require_once("Rest.inc.php");
    require_once("dbConnect.php");

    class API extends REST {            
        public $data = "";
        private $db = null;

        public function __construct(DB $mydb){
            parent::__construct();
            $this->db = mydb->db;
        }
    }

    // Initiiate Library

    $api = new API(new DB());
    $api->processApi();

?>

Answer 1

You can use like below:

db.php:

create connection function in separate class.

class DB {
    const DB_SERVER     = "myhost";
    const DB_USER       = "myuser";
    const DB_PASSWORD   = "mypassword";
    const DB_NAME       = "mydb";

    public $data = "";
    private $db = NULL;

    private function dbConnect(){

        try {
            $this->db = new PDO("mysql:host=" . self::DB_SERVER . ";dbname=" . self::DB_NAME, self::DB_USER, self::DB_PASSWORD);
            $this->db->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
        }
        catch(PDOException $e) {
            echo "Connection failed: " . $e->getMessage();
        }
    }
}

current_file.php :

class API extends REST {

    public function __construct(){
        parent::__construct();
        //$this->dbConnect();
        //here you can implement the class and function
        $this->db = new DB();
        $this->db->dbConnect();
    }

}

Answer 2

You need to use Dependency Injection pattern, it will help you. And you will have something like this:

interface DB
{
    // Here you need to declare your common methods for all DB classes.
}

class MasterDB implements DB
{
    const DB_SERVER     = "myhost";
    const DB_USER       = "myuser";
    const DB_PASSWORD   = "mypassword";
    const DB_NAME       = "mydb";

    private $db = null;

    private function __construct()
    {
        try {
            $this->db = new PDO("mysql:host=" . self::DB_SERVER . ";dbname=" . self::DB_NAME, self::DB_USER, self::DB_PASSWORD);
            $this->db->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
        }
        catch(PDOException $e) {
            echo "Connection failed: " . $e->getMessage();
        }
    }
}

class SlaveDB implements DB
{
    // Here you need to provide another connection
}

class API extends REST
{
    private $db = null;

    public function __construct(DB $db)
    {
        parent::__construct();
        $this->db = $db;
    }
}

$api = new API(new MasterDB());
// or
$api = new API(new SlaveDB());
$api->processApi();

It is not a perfect example, but this one will help you solve your problem! Next step probably is - create parent or abstract class for MasterDB and SlaveDB ...

Answer 3

I would suggest you to define a ini configuration file, and configure the database configuration inside the ini file.

Use the method parse_ini_file to get the configurations from ini file. By this way, you will have different configurations for each server.

Documentation on creating and parsing ini file can be found here